Top 200 Drug Details Flashcards
Zolpidem moa
Binds to GABA-A receptor, specifically alpha-1 subunit, an agonist
- this receptor is meant for GABA NT
- GABA NT is the body’s inhibitory NT, producing a calming effect, reduce anxiety stress and fear
Zolpidem works like GABA NT
Zolpidem
How to take it?
Take right before bedtime on Empty Stomach
- for faster onset
Zolpidem common side effects 2
Drowsy, dizzy and next day somnolence (extremely tire)
* caution driving
Diarrhea
Zolpidem how do I take it?
Take on empty stomach, for faster onset
- do not take if you had alcohol that evening
- need 7 to 8 hours of sleep time, or do not take
- do not take if you wake up middle of night
Zolpidem
Why is women dose lower than men?
Women’s ability to clear zolpidem is lower than men
What is the difference between ambien IR and Ambien ER?
Ambien IR - fast acting, help you to fall asleep
Ambien ER - has 2 layers: a fast acting and extended release layer
* IR layer - helps you fall asleep
* ER layer - helps maintain sleep
Who should not take zolpidem?
Patient who had complex sleep while taking zolpidem
Complex sleep behavior
* sleep walking and sleep driving
* cooking while not fully awake
Zolpidem warnings 4
Morning sedation- somnolence
Abnormal thinking and behavior changes, and decrease inhibition
* more outgoing
* more aggressive
Depression; suicidal thoughts
Liver toxicity
Can I take zolpidem if I drink alcohol that evening?
No
If I forgot to take zolpidem and woke up middle of night, can I take it?
No
Need at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep time after taking zolpidem
Will cause sedation next day
Can zolpidem affect my behaviors?
Yes.
Zolpidem can cause behavioral change
* more aggressive
* more outgoing
Can cause depression and suicidal thoughts
Zolpidem vs zolpidem ER
Zolpidem ER has two layer
An IR layer to help fall asleep
An ER layer to help maintain sleep
Zolpidem consultation 5
- For insomnia, take right before bedtime on empty sleep
- May cause next day sedation, drowsy and dizzy
- May cause diarrhea
- Report abnormal sleep behavior such as sleep walking, sleep driving or performing activity while not fully awake
- Do not take zolpidem if you have alcohol that evening
Amoxicillin
Drug class & types of infection
Penicillin
Good for
* ENT (ear, nose &throat) infections
* lower respiratory tract infection
Amoxicillin max dose
45 mg/kg per day
- last dispense 12 years old 4000 mg per day
Amoxicillin common side effects 2
Think GI: NVD
Rash
Amoxicillin plus birth control
Amoxicillin can decrease effectiveness of birth control
- use back up method
Amoxicillin moa
Binds to penicillin binding protein - prevent cell wall formation
How do bacteria develop resistance to amoxicillin
Bacteria produce beta-lactamase; an enzyme that cleaves the beta-lactam ring
Makes amoxicillin ineffective
Amoxicillin
Monitor and report
Watery and bloody diarrhea
* can occur even 2 months after antibiotics had been stop
Diarrhea can occur anytime during treatment, but should stop once treatment is completed
Augmentin
Amoxicillin & clavulanate k
Explain each component
Amoxicillin- a penicillin derived from ampicillin
Clavulanate K - a beta lactamase inhibitor
- beta lactamase is produced by bacteria to cleave the beta lactam ring and render it ineffective
Augmentin treats what type of infection
ENT infection
Skin infection
Lower respiratory tract infection
UTI
Augmentin common side effects 2
GI: nausea and diarrhea
Skin rash
Penicillin VK
Types of infection
Upper respiratory tract infection
Pneumonia
Skin infection
Pharyngitis