Topic 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What 7 characteristics do all living organisms share?
movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition
Define movement
When an organism changes its position or place
Define respiration
The chemical reactions in cells that break down glucose to release energy
Define sensitivity
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment
Define growth
A permanent increase in the size of an organism by either the increase in the number of cells or the size of the cells
Define excretion
The removal of toxins or substances in excess from an organism
Define reproduction
The creation of offspring of the same species as the parent(s)
Define nutrition
The intake of substances required for growth and to provide energy
How does the binomial naming system work?
Uses two names; the genus name and the species name e.g. homo sapiens
What is the advantage of the binomial naming system?
It is universal (everyone can understand it)
Define species
A group of organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring
In what way were organisms originally classified?
Physical features
How are modern classification techniques more accurate?
Biochemical and genetic analysis gives a more precise and detailed understanding about the relationships of organisms
How can organisms that share recent common ancestors be identified?
Analyse the organism’s DNA
Organisms with more similar DNA sequences often share more common ancestors.
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae, animalia
State the features that all cells share
Cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes and enzymes
Why are viruses not living?
They do not have all of the 7 characteristics of living organisms (for example they cannot respire)
What are the two broad groups of animals?
Vertebrates and invertebrates
What is the difference between vertebrates and invertebrates?
Vertebrates have a backbone whereas invertebrates do not
What are the 5 main groups of vertebrates?
Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish
What is an arthropod?
An invertebrate with an exoskeleton (e.g. insects or crustaceans)
What are the 4 main groups of arthropods?
myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans
What are the two broad groups of plants?
Flowering and non-flowering
What are the two main groups of flowering plants?
Monocotyledons and dicotyledons
