Topic 2 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Name 5 parts of an animal cell
Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm
Name 8 parts of a plant cell
Nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, cytoplasm, permanent vacuole,
chloroplasts, cell wall
State 3 parts of an animal cell visible under a light microscope
Nucleus, cytoplasm and the cell membrane
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Carries out aerobic respiration to release energy.
A very metabolically active cell is likely to have lots of which type of organelle?
Mitochondria as they release energy through aerobic respiration
State 6 parts of a plant cell visible under a light microscope
Nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles, cell wall and the cell membrane
State 2 functions of the nucleus
Controls the cell and contains genetic material, found in the form of chromosomes
State the function of the cytoplasm
It is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place
State 3 organelles only found in plant cells
Cellulose cell wall, Permanent vacuole, Chloroplasts
What is the function of chloroplasts?
They are the site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the permanent vacuole and what does?
It supports the cell and contains cell sap (a solution of sugars and salts)
What is the function of ciliated epithelial cells?
They waft away dirt and debris up the throat where it can be swallowed
How are root hair cells adapted to their function?
They have a long extension to maximise the surface area available for uptake
How are ciliated epithelial cells adapted to their function?
Small cilia that line the exposed surface can waft back and forwards, The cilia are long and thin so that lots of them can waft at the same time
What is the function of root hair cells?
To take up minerals and water needed by the plant
What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?
Their main function is to absorb light and carry out photosynthesis
How are palisade mesophyll cells adapted to their function?
Contain lots of chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis
Thin and tall so that many can be packed together
Large vacuole pushes chloroplasts to the outside of the cell
Thin cell wall to minimise the diffusion distance
What is the function of red blood cells?
Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs to be exhaled lungs
How are red blood cells adapted to their function?
No nucleus so there is more room for haemoglobin
Contain lots of haemoglobin to carry oxygen
Biconcave shape giving a large surface area to volume ratio
Thin membrane to minimise the diffusion distance for gases
What is the function of nerve cells?
To pass nervous impulses quickly from one part of the body to another
How are nerve cells adapted to their function?
Ends contain neurotransmitters to send impulses to other neurones
Long axon to transmit impulses long distances
Thin to transmit impulses faster
Enclosed in a myelin sheath to speed up transmission
What is the function of a sperm cell?
To travel to, penetrate and fertilise an egg cell
