Topic 9

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

A series of blood vessels with a pump and valves to prevent backflow

Question 2

What type of circulatory system do fish have?

Answer 2

Single circulatory system

Question 3

Describe a single circulatory system

Answer 3

The blood only passes through the heart once for each full circuit of the body

Question 4

What type of circulatory system do mammals have?

Answer 4

Double circulatory systems

Question 5

Describe a double circulatory system

Answer 5

The blood passes through the heart twice per circuit

Question 6

What is the advantage of a double circulatory system?

Answer 6

Double circulatory systems can maintain a higher blood pressure which increases the speed at which the blood flows so nutrients can be delivered and waste can be removed more quickly

Question 7

What is the name of the top chambers of the heart?

Answer 7

Atria

Question 8

What is the name of the bottom two chambers of the heart?

Answer 8

Ventricles

Question 9

Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from the rest of the body

Answer 9

Vena cava

Question 10

Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the heart from the lungs

Answer 10

Pulmonary vein

Question 11

Name the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the rest of the body

Answer 11

Aorta

Question 12

Name the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the lungs

Answer 12

Pulmonary artery

Question 13

Which valve prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Answer 13

Right atrioventricular valve

Question 14

Which valve prevents baackflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Answer 14

Left atrioventricular valve

Question 15

Which valve prevents back flow from the arteries to the ventricles?

Answer 15

Semi-lunar valve

Question 16

What is the name of the wall that separates the right and left sides of the heart?

Answer 16

The septum

Question 17

What type of muscle is the heart made of?

Answer 17

Cardiac muscle

Question 18

Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than the wall of the right ventricle?

Answer 18

The left ventricle has to pump blood a further distance around the whole body so the blood needs to be under a higher pressure

Question 19

Why do the ventricles have thicker walls than the atria?

Answer 19

The ventricles need to pump blood at a higher pressure to pump it out and round the body and to the lungs whereas the atria only need to pump the blood into the ventricles (a shorter distance) so do not need to generate as high of a pressure

Question 20

What is the difference in function between veins, arteries and capillaries?

Answer 20

Arteries carry blood away from the heart
Veins carry blood towards (into) the heart
Capillaries flow close to tissues for exchange

Question 21

Why is the septum important?

Answer 21

It separates the oxygenated blood from the deoxygenated blood

Question 22

Describe the blood flow through the right side of the heart

Answer 22

Deoxygenated blood flows into the right atrium from the vena cava
This blood passes through the right AV valve into the right ventricle
The blood is then pumped out of the heart to the lungs through the right SL valve and into the pulmonary artery

Question 23

Describe the blood flow through the left side of the heart

Answer 23

Blood enters into the left atrium from the pulmonary vein
The blood is then pumped through the left AV valve into the left ventricle
The blood is then pumped out through the left SL valve and into the aorta

Question 24

Give 3 ways of measuring the activity of the heart

Answer 24

ECG, Pulse rate, Listening to the sounds of the valves

Question 25

State the effect of physical exercise on heart rate

Answer 25

Physical exercise increases heart rate

Question 26

Explain the effect of physical exercise on heart rate

Answer 26

Muscular contraction requires energy from respiration More respiration requires more oxygen and more carbon dioxide Heart pumps faster to provide more oxygen to the muscles for respiration and to remove the carbon dioxide quickly

Question 27

What is coronary heart disease (CHD)?

Answer 27

When the artery providing the heart tissue with blood (the coronary artery) becomes blocked

Question 28

Give 6 common risk factors for coronary heart disease

Answer 28

Smoking, Poor diet, Lack of exercise, Stress, Genetic predisposition, Gender

Question 29

How can coronary heart disease be prevented by altering lifestyle choices?

Answer 29

Exercise regularly Control diet: Eat less saturated fats, Eat more fruit and vegetables, Eat less salty foods, Stop smoking/drinking

Question 30

Describe the structure of arteries

Answer 30

They have thick walls made of muscle and elastic tissue and a small lumen to transport blood under high pressure

Question 31

Describe the structure of capillaries

Answer 31

They have thin walls about one cell thick to allow for the easy exchange of substances at the tissues.

Question 32

Describe the structure of veins

Answer 32

Veins have less muscle and elastic tissue than arteries and they have a larger lumen as the blood is at lower pressure, they also have valves to prevent backflow

Question 33

Name the main artery that takes blood to the kidneys

Answer 33

The renal artery

Question 34

Name the main vein that takes blood away from the kidneys

Answer 34

The renal vein

Question 35

Name the two main blood vessels carrying blood to the liver

Answer 35

Hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

Question 36

Naime the main blood vessel carrying blood away from the liver

Answer 36

Hepatic vein

Question 37

What is the function of arterioles?

Answer 37

They are vessels that are narrower than arteries and connect them to capillaries

Question 38

What is the function of venules?

Answer 38

They are vessels that are wider than capillaries and connect them to veins

Question 39

What are shunt vessels?

Answer 39

Small blood vessels that can change size are used to control the amount of blood that flows to a certain area

Question 40

Name 4 components of the blood

Answer 40

Red blood cells, White blood cells, Platelets, Plasma

Question 41

Name 2 types of white blood cell

Answer 41

Phagocyte, Lymphocyte

Question 42

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 42

They are used in forming blood clots

Question 43

What is the purpose of blood clotting?

Answer 43

Preventing excess blood loss Preventing the entry of pathogens through wounds

Question 44

Describe the process of blood clotting

Answer 44

A damaged blood vessels triggers the conversion of fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin forming a mesh that traps platelets and red blood cells

Question 45

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 45

Transporting oxygen to tissues using haemoglobin

Question 46

State 2 functions of white blood cells

Answer 46

Producing specific antibodies Phagocytosis (engulfing pathogens)

Question 47

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 47

Transporting substances like ions, soluble nutrients, hormones and carbon dioxide in the blood