Topic 1) Cell structures

Question 1

eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

a cell with a nucleus

Question 2

type of eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

animal
plant

Question 3

nucleus

Answer 3

controls the cell, contains the genetic information

Question 4

cell membrane

Answer 4

controls what enters ans leaves the cell

Question 5

cytoplasm

Answer 5

where most chemical reactions take place

Question 6

ribosomes

Answer 6

where proteins are made (protein synthesis)

Question 7

mitochondria

Answer 7

where aerobic respiration takes place releasing energy for the cell

Question 8

3 differences between animal and plant cells

Answer 8

cell wall
vacuoles
chloroplasts

Question 9

prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

a cell without a nucleus

Question 10

types of prokaryotic

Answer 10

bacteria cell

Question 11

where are proteins made?

Answer 11

in the ribosomes

Question 12

what is the job of a sperm cell?

Answer 12

the male gamete that moves through the female reproductive system to the egg cell

Question 13

characteristics of sperm cell

Answer 13

long tail
many mitochondria
acrosome

Question 14

how does the many mitochondria benefit sperm cell?

Answer 14

they release energy quickly for movement of the tail, through respiration

Question 15

what is the job of the egg cell?

Answer 15

the female gamete, which is fertilised by sperm and grows into a fetus

Question 16

characterisation of egg cell

Answer 16

cytoplasm
jelly layer

Question 16

how does the jelly layer benefit the egg cell?

Answer 16

protects the egg, after fertilisation the layer and the cell membrane hardens, to prevent other sperm entering

Question 17

what is the job of a ciliated epithelial cell?

Answer 17

in the oviduct - moves egg along
in the small intestine - absorb digested food substances

Question 18

characteristics of ciliated epithelial cell

Answer 18

cilia
microvilli

Question 19

how does the microvilli benefit the ciliated epithelial cell?

Answer 19

makes the surface area bigger of the small intestine food is absorbed quicker

Question 20

how does the cilia benefit the ciliated epithelial cell?

Answer 20

sweeps from side to side to move the egg cell through the oviduct

Question 21

what is the job of a red blood cell?

Answer 21

carries oxygen around the body

Question 22

characteristics of red blood cells

Answer 22

biconcave disc
no nucleus

Question 23

how does the biconcave disc benefit the red blood cell?

Answer 23

provides a large surface area for oxygen to pass through

Question 24

how does the no nucleus benefit the red blood cell?

Answer 24

proves more space for haemoglobin, which oxygen binds to within the cell

Question 25

what is the job of a root hair cell?

Answer 25

absorbs water ions for plants

Question 26

characterisation of root hair cells

Answer 26

large surface area large vacuole

Question 27

how does the large surface area benefit a root hair cell?

Answer 27

so it can quickly and efficiently absorb water and mineral ions

Question 28

how does the large vacuole benefit root hair cell?

Answer 28

keeps the water concentration so the water can be absorbed

Question 29

what is the job of a palisade cell?

Answer 29

photosynthesis cells in the top layers of the leaf

Question 30

characteristics of palisade cell

Answer 30

brick shaped many chloroplasts

Question 31

how does the brick shape benefit palisade cell?

Answer 31

so many cells can be packed in on the top layer of the leaf

Question 32

how does the many chloroplasts benefit the palisade cell?

Answer 32

site of photosynthesis, so many are present

Question 33

slime capsule

Answer 33

protects and allows different bacteria to stick together

Question 34

genetic material

Answer 34

carries most of the bacterial genes

Question 35

plasmids

Answer 35

contains additional genes

Question 36

flagella

Answer 36

it rotates to move the bacteria cell