Topic 4) Natural selection & genetic modification

Question 1

Ardi

Answer 1

4.4 million year old human

Question 2

Binomial system

Answer 2

A way of naming organisms using 2 Latin words

Question 3

Lucy

Answer 3

3.2 million year old human

Question 4

Competition

Answer 4

The act of competing for things to live

Question 5

Genetic variation

Answer 5

Genes passed on through reproduction

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

Survival of the fittest, depending on strong genes

Question 7

Resistant

Answer 7

Less affected by something

Question 8

Classification

Answer 8

Sorting things into groups

Question 9

Domain

Answer 9

The three main groups organisms are sorted into:
-archaea
-bacteria
-eukarya

Question 10

Genus

Answer 10

A group of similar organisms

Question 11

Kingdoms

Answer 11

The five kingdoms which organisms are divided into:
-plants
-animals
-fungi
-protists
-prokaryotes

Question 12

Artificial selection

Answer 12

when humans choose certain organisms because they have useful characteristics

Question 13

Disease resistance

Answer 13

Less affected by certain diseases

Question 14

Genetic engineering

Answer 14

the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organisms by manipulating its genetic material

Question 15

Genom

Answer 15

All the DNA in an organism. Each body cell contains a copy of the genome

Question 16

GMO

Answer 16

Short for “genectically modified organism”

Question 17

Selective breeding

Answer 17

breeding the animals with a desired feature together to ensure the offspring have the desired feature

Question 18

Variety

Answer 18

Group of plants of the same species that have characteristics that make them different to other members of the species

Question 19

Yield

Answer 19

The amount of product of something

Question 20

Allele

Answer 20

Genes which come in different versions, called alleles

Question 21

Base

Answer 21

The 4 bases that help make up DNA. They are often shown as the letters: A, C, G and T. Pairs of the bases link together

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

The hormone that descrease blood glucose concentration. Used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes

Question 23

Ligand

Answer 23

An enzyme that joins two DNA molecules together

Question 24

Plasmid

Answer 24

A small loop of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria

Question 25

Recombinant DNA

Answer 25

DNA made by joining two editions of DNA together

Question 26

Restriction enzyme

Answer 26

An enzyme that cuts DNA molecules into pieces

Question 27

Sticky ends

Answer 27

A short section of single-stranded DNA found at the end of a section of DNA that has been cut by a restriction enzyme

Question 28

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 28

Type of diabetes in which the pancreas does no produce insulin

Question 29

Vector

Answer 29

Anything that transfers arterial form one organism to another

Question 30

evolution

Answer 30

the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time

Question 31

fossils

Answer 31

the remains of organisms from thousands or millions of years ago, which are found in rocks

Question 32

key points of natural selection

Answer 32

shows variation compete for resources best adapted to survive survivors pass on their genes

Question 33

Darwin's theory of evolution

Answer 33

organisms that are best adapted for their environment will reproduce and pass on their acquired characteristics

Question 34

classification

Answer 34

the grouping of organisms based on similarities of features

Question 35

types of classifications

Answer 35

artificial natural

Question 36

artificial classification

Answer 36

based on observable features

Question 37

natural classification

Answer 37

based on evolutionary links e.g. do they have a common ancestor?

Question 38

why do we classify organisms?

Answer 38

our convenience to make the study of organisms more manageable to make it easy to identify organisms to help see relationships between organisms

Question 39

how many groups can organisms be classified into?

Answer 39

7

Question 40

1st group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 40

kingdom

Question 41

2nd group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 41

phylum

Question 42

3rd group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 42

class

Question 43

4th group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 43

order

Question 44

5th group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 44

family

Question 45

6th group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 45

genus

Question 46

7th group in the classification hierarchy

Answer 46

species

Question 47

what is the pneumonic to remember the hierarchy of classification?

Answer 47

King Phillip Came Over From Glorious Spain

Question 48

species

Answer 48

a group of similar organisms able to reproduce and produce fertile offspring

Question 49

5 key kingdoms

Answer 49

animalia plantae fungi protists prokaryotes

Question 50

animalia characteristics

Answer 50

eukaryotic multicellular no cell walls must eat other organisms to obtain energy

Question 51

plantae characteristics

Answer 51

eukaryotic multicellular makes its own food - photosynthesis cellulose cell walls

Question 52

fungi characteristics

Answer 52

eukaryotic multicellular live in/on dead organic matter, which they feed on to obtain energy chitin cell walls

Question 53

protists

Answer 53

eukaryotic mostly unicellular (single celled) some have cell walls

Question 54

prokaryotes characteristics

Answer 54

unicellular (single celled) prokaryotic flexible cell walls no membrane bound organelles

Question 55

what is the three domain system?

Answer 55

an updated system that divides organisms into three large groups called domains

Question 56

what are the three domains?

Answer 56

archaea bacteria eukaryota

Question 57

archaea domains

Answer 57

primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments

Question 58

bacteria domains

Answer 58

true bacteria

Question 59

eukaryota domains

Answer 59

including protists, fungi, plants and animals

Question 60

what are plants and animals often bred for?

Answer 60

disease resistance yield environment fast growth flavour

Question 61

what is an example of genetic engineering?

Answer 61

golden rice

Question 62

advantages of genetic engineering

Answer 62

makes organisms resistant to disease makes them grow faster

Question 63

disadvantages of genetic engineering

Answer 63

nutritional value is less health issues could occur from eating them

Question 64

example of genetically engineered bacteria

Answer 64

bacterium

Question 65

bacterium characteristics

Answer 65

one large loop of DNA and some small circles of DNA called plasmids