TOPIC 1// Cells/ Chromosomes/Mitosis/ Exchanging substances/Binary fission

Question 1

Define Nucleus

Answer 1

Contains genetic information and controls cell activity

Question 2

Define Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Jelly like substance where most chemical reactions occur. Contains enzymes that controls reaction

Question 3

Define Mitochondria

Answer 3

Most reactions for aerobic respiration occurs

Question 4

Define Cell Membrane

Answer 4

Holds cell together and controls what enters and exits

Question 5

Define Ribosomes

Answer 5

Where proteins are made

Question 6

Define Cell wall

Answer 6

Made of cellulose which supports cell and strengthens it

Question 7

Define Permanent Vacuole

Answer 7

Contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salt

Question 8

Define Chloroplast

Answer 8

Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for plants

Question 9

What does Bacteria cell contain

Answer 9

Cell membrane, Cytoplasm Circular strand of DNA, Plasmids, Cell wall

Question 10

What is smaller. prokaryote or eukaryote

Answer 10

Prokaryotic cell

Question 11

Formula for magnification

Answer 11

magnification= image size/real size

Question 12

Define Differentiation

Answer 12

The process by which a cell becomes specialised for its job

Question 13

What is an Embryonic Stem cells

Answer 13

Undifferentiated cells which have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell

Question 14

How can stem cells be used to preserve rare plant species

Answer 14

copies of the plant can be made by taking stem cells from the meristem and growing them into new, genetically identical plants

Question 15

What are Chromosomes

Answer 15

Coiled up lengths of DNA

Question 16

What are Genes

Answer 16

Each gene codes for developmennt of different characteristics

Question 17

What does Mitosis do

Answer 17

Replace cells that has been damaged

Question 18

What is first stage of cell cycle

Answer 18

Cell gows amount of subcellular structure.
DNA duplicates so theres a copy for each new cell.

Question 19

What is second stage of cell cycle

Answer 19

Chromosomes line up at centre of cell and cell fibres pull them apart.

Question 20

What is third stage of cell cycle

Answer 20

Membranes form around each sets of the chromosomes.
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
2 new identical daughter cells are produced

Question 21

Describe how stem cells can be used to treat disorders

Answer 21

They could be grown into a particular type of cell which can then be used to replace faulty cells

Question 22

Explain why embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat more disorders than adult stem cells

Answer 22

Embryonic stem cells have the potential to develop into any type of cell whereas adult stem cells can only develop into certain types of cells

Question 23

Define diffusion

Answer 23

Spreading of particles from an area of high-low concentration through oartially permeable membrane

Question 24

Define osmosis

Answer 24

Movement of water molecules from area of high-low concentration through partially permeable membrane

Question 25

Define active transport

Answer 25

Movement of substances from an area of low-high concentration against the concentration gradient. It uses a lot of energy from mitochondria

Question 26

Examples of Active transport

Answer 26

Root hair cells
Taking glucose from the Gut and Kidneys

Question 27

How easy it is for an organism to exchange substances depends on an organisms…

Answer 27

Surface area : Volume

Question 28

What 4 places does gas exchange occur

Answer 28

Alveoli
Villi
Leaves
Gills

Question 29

What type of cells go through Binary Fission

Answer 29

Prokaryotic cells

Question 30

What is the 4 stages of Binary Fission

Answer 30

1. Circular strand of DNA and plasmids replicate
2. Cell gets bigger and circular strand of DNA move to opposite poles
3. Cytoplasm begins to divide and new cell walls begins to form
4. cytoplasm divides and 2 new daughter cells are produced