Topic 1 - Lifestyle, Health and Risk Flashcards
(25 cards)
Understand why many animals have a heart & circulation (mass transport to overcome limitations of diffusion in meeting the requirements of organisms).
1.1
Understand the importance of water as a solvent in transport, including its dipole nature.
1.2
Understand how the structure of blood vessels (capillaries, arteries and veins) relate to their functions.
1.3
Know the cardiac cycle (atrial systole, ventricular systole & cardiac diastole) and relate the structure & operation of the mammalian heart, including the major blood vessels, to its function.
1.4 (i)
Know how the relationship between heart structure and function can be investigated practically.
1.4 (ii)
Understand the course of events that leads to atherosclerosis (endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory response, plaque formation, raised blood pressure).
1.5
Understand the blood-clotting process (thromboplastin release, conversion of prothrombin to thrombin & fibrinogen to fibrin) and its role in cardiovascular disease (CVD).
1.6
Know how factors such as genetics, diet, age, gender, high blood pressure, smoking & inactivity increase the risk of CVD.
1.7
Be able to analyse & interpret quantitative data on illness & mortality rates to determine health risks, including distinguishing between correlation and causation and recognising conflicting evidence.
1.8
Be able to evaluate the design of studies used to determine health risk factors, including sample selection & sample size used to collect data that is both valid & reliable.
1.9
Understand why people’s perception of risks are often different from the actual risks, including underestimating & overestimating the risks due to diet and other lifestyle factors in the development of heart disease.
1.10
Be able to analyse data on budgets and diet.
1.11 (i)
Understand the consequences of energy imbalance, including weight loss, weight gain, and development of obesity.
1.11 (ii)
Know the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides, including glycogen & starch (amylose & amylopectin).
1.12 (i)
Be able to relate the structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides & polysaccharides to their roles in providing & storing energy
1.12 (ii)
Know how monosaccharides join together to disaccharides (sucrose, lactose & maltose) & polysaccharides (glycogen & amylose) through condensation reactions forming glycosidic bonds, and how these can be split through hydrolysis reactions.
1.13
Know how a triglyceride is synthesised by the formation of ester bonds during condensation reactions between glycerol & 3 fatty acids.
1.14 (i)
Know the differences between saturated & unsaturated lipids.
1.14 (ii)
Be able to analyse & interpret data on the possible significance for health of blood cholesterol levels & levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) & low-density lipoproteins (LDLs).
1.15 (i)
Know the evidence for a casual relationship between blood cholesterol levels (total cholesterol & LDL cholesterol) & CVD.
1.15 (ii)
Understand how people use scientific knowledge about the effects of diet, including obesity indicators, body mass index & waist to hip ratio, exercise & smoking to reduce their risk of coronary heart disease.
1.16
Investigate the effect of caffeine on heart rate in Daphnia.
Core Practical 1
Be able to discuss the potential ethical issues regarding the use of invertebrates in research.
1.17
Investigate the vitamin C content of food & drink.
Core Practical 2
