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ORAL PHYSIOLOGY > Topic 1 (Muscles of Mastication) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (Muscles of Mastication) Flashcards

1
Q

It is defined as the process of food chewing in preparation for swallowing and digestion.

A

Mastication

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2
Q

It is defined as the process of food chewing in preparation for ____ and ____.

A

swallowing and digestion.

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3
Q

How many pairs of muscles in the mandible make chewing movements possible?

A

There are four pairs

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4
Q

These muscles along with accessory ones together are termed as ____

A

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

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5
Q

What are the “Basic Muscles”:

A
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
  • temporalis
  • masseter
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6
Q

What are the “Accessory Muscles”:

A
  • buccinator
  • digastric muscle (anterior belly)
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • orbicularis oris
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7
Q

Movements that the mandible can undergo are:

A
  • Depression
  • Elevation
  • Protraction
  • Retraction
  • Rotation
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8
Q

as in opening the mouth.

A

Depression

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9
Q

as in closing the mouth.

A

Elevation

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10
Q

horizontal movement of the mandible anteriorly.

A

Protraction

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11
Q

horizontal movement of the mandible posteriorly.

A

Retraction

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12
Q

the anterior tip of the mandible is
“slewed” from side to side.

A

Rotation

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13
Q

the anterior tip of the mandible is
____ from side to side.

A

slewed

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14
Q

What are Jaw Elevators:

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis Medial pterygoid
  • Upper head of lateral pterygoid
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15
Q

What are Jaw Depressors:

A
  • Lower head of lateral pterygoid
  • Anterior digastric
  • Geniohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
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16
Q

It is the largest among all the mastication muscles & is a fan-shaped muscle

A

Temporalis

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17
Q

Origin: from the inferior temporal line, floor of the temporal gossa and from the overlaying temporal fascia.

A

Temporalis

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18
Q

Insertion: anterior and medial tip of the coronoid process

A

Temporalis

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19
Q

Action: elevation (anterior fibers), retraction (posterior fibers)

A

Temporalis

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20
Q

Nerve supply: anterior division of the mandibular nerve

A

Temporalis

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21
Q

Origin: origin of the whole muscle is mainly from the zygomatic process

A

Masseter

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22
Q

Insertion: into the outer surface of the ramus of the mandible

A

Masseter

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23
Q

Action: mainly to elevate and also helps in protrusive movement

A

Masseter

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24
Q

Nerve supply: masseteric nerve, a branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.

A

Masseter

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25
Q

Also called the Pterygoideus internus (internal pterygoid muscle)

A

Medial Pterygoid

26
Q

Consists of 2 heads which differ in origin.

Origin: Deep Head and Superficial Head

A

Medial Pterygoid

27
Q

originates from the medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.

A

Deep head

28
Q

originates from the maxillary tuberosity

A

Superficial head

29
Q

Insertion: inner surface of the angle of the mandible

A

Medial Pterygoid

30
Q

Action: elevates the mandible, protrusion of the mandible, side to side movement (these lateral movements are achieved by lateral & medial pterygoid on both sides acting together to produce side to side movements)

A

Medial Pterygoid

31
Q

Nerve supply: main trunk of the mandibular nerve

A

Medial Pterygoid

32
Q

It is a short conical muscle, having 2 heads: upper and lower.

A

Lateral Pterygoid

32
Q

Also called as the Pterygoideus externus (external pterygoid muscle)

A

Lateral Pterygoid

33
Q

Nerve supply: anterior division of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Lateral Pterygoid

34
Q

Actions:
1. Depression of the mandible
2. Side to side movement (lateral movement)
3. Protrusion of the mandible

A

Lateral Pterygoid

35
Q

Origin: infra-temporal surface & crest of the greater wing of sphenoid

A

Upper Head

36
Q

Insertion: temporomandibular joint and into: pterygoid fovea of the neck of the mandible, articular disc, capsule of TMJ (anterior aspect)

A

Upper Head

37
Q

Origin: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate

A

Lower Head

38
Q

Insertion: same as that of the upper head,it enters
the TMJ and into:
1. Pterygoid fovea of the neck of the
mandible,
2. Articular disc
3. Capsule of TMJ (anterior aspect)

A

Lower Head

38
Q

It is an accessory muscle of mastication

A

Buccinator

39
Q

occupying the gap between mandible and maxilla forming part of the cheek.

A

Buccinator

40
Q

Insertion:
1. Upper fibers gets inserted into upper lip
2. Lower fibers gets inserted into lower lip

A

Buccinator

41
Q

Insertion:
1. Upper fibers gets inserted into ____
2. Lower fibers gets inserted into ____

A
  1. upper lip
  2. lower lip
42
Q

Nerve supply: buccal branch of facial nerve

A

Buccinator

43
Q

Action: main action is to prevent the accumulation of food in the vestibule of the mouth

A

Buccinator

44
Q

Origin: arises from the digastric fossa on the lower border of mandible on both sides of symphysis menti

A

Anterior belly of digastric

45
Q

Insertion: hyoid bone

A

Anterior belly of digastric

45
Q

Nerve supply: through the anterior division of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

A

Anterior belly of digastric

46
Q

It forms the floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid

46
Q

Action: main action is to depress the mandible

A

Anterior belly of digastric

47
Q

Origin: mylohyoid line on the internal aspect of the mandible

A

Mylohyoid

48
Q

Insertion: the fibers slops downward and forward to inter-digitate with the fibers of the other side to form the median raphe.

A

Mylohyoid

48
Q

Nerve supply: mylohyoid nerve, a branch of inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve.

A

Mylohyoid

49
Q

Action: elevates hyoid bone, supports and raises floor of the mouth which aids in early stage of swallowing, depresses the mandible

A

Mylohyoid

50
Q

Origin: inferior genial tubercle

A

Geniohyoid

51
Q

Insertion: hyoid bone

A

Geniohyoid

51
Q

Nerve supply: hypoglossal nerve

A

Geniohyoid

52
Q

Action: depresses the mandible

A

Geniohyoid

53
Q

Encircles the mouth, closes lips, protrudes lips as in kissing, uniquely developed in humans for speech

A

Orbicularis Oris

54
Q

Insertion: inserted in submucosa and dermis of the lips.

A

Orbicularis Oris

55
Q

Nerve supply: facial nerve

A

Orbicularis Oris

ORAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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