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ORAL PHYSIOLOGY > Topic 1 (Muscles of Mastication) > Flashcards

Topic 1 (Muscles of Mastication) Flashcards

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1
Q

It is defined as the process of food chewing in preparation for swallowing and digestion.

A

Mastication

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2
Q

It is defined as the process of food chewing in preparation for ____ and ____.

A

swallowing and digestion.

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3
Q

How many pairs of muscles in the mandible make chewing movements possible?

A

There are four pairs

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4
Q

These muscles along with accessory ones together are termed as ____

A

MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

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5
Q

What are the “Basic Muscles”:

A
  • lateral pterygoid
  • medial pterygoid
  • temporalis
  • masseter
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6
Q

What are the “Accessory Muscles”:

A
  • buccinator
  • digastric muscle (anterior belly)
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • orbicularis oris
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7
Q

Movements that the mandible can undergo are:

A
  • Depression
  • Elevation
  • Protraction
  • Retraction
  • Rotation
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8
Q

as in opening the mouth.

A

Depression

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9
Q

as in closing the mouth.

A

Elevation

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10
Q

horizontal movement of the mandible anteriorly.

A

Protraction

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11
Q

horizontal movement of the mandible posteriorly.

A

Retraction

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12
Q

the anterior tip of the mandible is
“slewed” from side to side.

A

Rotation

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13
Q

the anterior tip of the mandible is
____ from side to side.

A

slewed

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14
Q

What are Jaw Elevators:

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis Medial pterygoid
  • Upper head of lateral pterygoid
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15
Q

What are Jaw Depressors:

A
  • Lower head of lateral pterygoid
  • Anterior digastric
  • Geniohyoid
  • Mylohyoid
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16
Q

It is the largest among all the mastication muscles & is a fan-shaped muscle

A

Temporalis

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17
Q

Origin: from the inferior temporal line, floor of the temporal gossa and from the overlaying temporal fascia.

A

Temporalis

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18
Q

Insertion: anterior and medial tip of the coronoid process

A

Temporalis

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19
Q

Action: elevation (anterior fibers), retraction (posterior fibers)

A

Temporalis

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20
Q

Nerve supply: anterior division of the mandibular nerve

A

Temporalis

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21
Q

Origin: origin of the whole muscle is mainly from the zygomatic process

A

Masseter

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22
Q

Insertion: into the outer surface of the ramus of the mandible

A

Masseter

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23
Q

Action: mainly to elevate and also helps in protrusive movement

A

Masseter

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24
Q

Nerve supply: masseteric nerve, a branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.

A

Masseter

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25
Also called the Pterygoideus internus (internal pterygoid muscle)
Medial Pterygoid
26
Consists of 2 heads which differ in origin. Origin: Deep Head and Superficial Head
Medial Pterygoid
27
originates from the medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone.
Deep head
28
originates from the maxillary tuberosity
Superficial head
29
Insertion: inner surface of the angle of the mandible
Medial Pterygoid
30
Action: elevates the mandible, protrusion of the mandible, side to side movement (these lateral movements are achieved by lateral & medial pterygoid on both sides acting together to produce side to side movements)
Medial Pterygoid
31
Nerve supply: main trunk of the mandibular nerve
Medial Pterygoid
32
It is a short conical muscle, having 2 heads: upper and lower.
Lateral Pterygoid
32
Also called as the Pterygoideus externus (external pterygoid muscle)
Lateral Pterygoid
33
Nerve supply: anterior division of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Lateral Pterygoid
34
Actions: 1. Depression of the mandible 2. Side to side movement (lateral movement) 3. Protrusion of the mandible
Lateral Pterygoid
35
Origin: infra-temporal surface & crest of the greater wing of sphenoid
Upper Head
36
Insertion: temporomandibular joint and into: pterygoid fovea of the neck of the mandible, articular disc, capsule of TMJ (anterior aspect)
Upper Head
37
Origin: lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Lower Head
38
Insertion: same as that of the upper head,it enters the TMJ and into: 1. Pterygoid fovea of the neck of the mandible, 2. Articular disc 3. Capsule of TMJ (anterior aspect)
Lower Head
38
It is an accessory muscle of mastication
Buccinator
39
occupying the gap between mandible and maxilla forming part of the cheek.
Buccinator
40
Insertion: 1. Upper fibers gets inserted into upper lip 2. Lower fibers gets inserted into lower lip
Buccinator
41
Insertion: 1. Upper fibers gets inserted into ____ 2. Lower fibers gets inserted into ____
1. upper lip 2. lower lip
42
Nerve supply: buccal branch of facial nerve
Buccinator
43
Action: main action is to prevent the accumulation of food in the vestibule of the mouth
Buccinator
44
Origin: arises from the digastric fossa on the lower border of mandible on both sides of symphysis menti
Anterior belly of digastric
45
Insertion: hyoid bone
Anterior belly of digastric
45
Nerve supply: through the anterior division of the mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Anterior belly of digastric
46
It forms the floor of the mouth
Mylohyoid
46
Action: main action is to depress the mandible
Anterior belly of digastric
47
Origin: mylohyoid line on the internal aspect of the mandible
Mylohyoid
48
Insertion: the fibers slops downward and forward to inter-digitate with the fibers of the other side to form the median raphe.
Mylohyoid
48
Nerve supply: mylohyoid nerve, a branch of inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve.
Mylohyoid
49
Action: elevates hyoid bone, supports and raises floor of the mouth which aids in early stage of swallowing, depresses the mandible
Mylohyoid
50
Origin: inferior genial tubercle
Geniohyoid
51
Insertion: hyoid bone
Geniohyoid
51
Nerve supply: hypoglossal nerve
Geniohyoid
52
Action: depresses the mandible
Geniohyoid
53
Encircles the mouth, closes lips, protrudes lips as in kissing, uniquely developed in humans for speech
Orbicularis Oris
54
Insertion: inserted in submucosa and dermis of the lips.
Orbicularis Oris
55
Nerve supply: facial nerve
Orbicularis Oris

ORAL PHYSIOLOGY (10 decks)

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