Topic 2 (Swallowing)

Question 1

Involved the passage of a bolus of food or liquid from oral cavity to the stomach via pharynx and esophagus, while shutting down the epiglottis.

Answer 1

Swallowing

Question 2

To protect the airways during swallowing, the ____ and ____ seals the nasopharynx.

Answer 2

Uvula and soft palate

Question 3

What part is sealed by uvula and soft palate to protect the airways during swallowing?

Answer 3

Nasopharynx

Question 4

The epiglottis seals the ___ to prevent entry of food and foreign bodies into the lungs.

Answer 4

Larynx

Question 5

What part that seals the larynx to prevent entry of food and foreign bodies into the lungs.

Answer 5

Epiglottis

Question 6

____, ____, and ____ are controlled by the brainstem.

Answer 6

Mastication, swallowing and respiration

Question 7

Mastication, swallowing, and respiration are controlled by the _____.

Answer 7

Brainstem

Question 8

The neural circuits that controls by the swallowing lies at the ____.

Answer 8

Fourth ventricle of the brainstem

Question 9

The action or process of swallowing.

Answer 9

Deglutition

Question 10

The normal swallowing in healthy individual is about ___ times within ___ hours period.

Answer 10

600 times within 24 hours

Question 11

The frequency decreases to ______ during sleep when production of saliva is minimal.

Answer 11

6 times/hour

Question 12

With a normal dentition and salivary flow rate, swallowing will occur about ____ chews.

Answer 12

20-30 chews

Question 13

Give 3 stages of Swallowing

Answer 13

• Oral Preparatory Phase
• Pharyngeal Phase
• Esophageal Phase

Question 14

Mastication of food together with saliva forms a moist cohesive bolus ready to be swallowed.

Answer 14

Oral Preparatory Phase

Question 15

Duration of chewing depends on the efficiency of chewing and eating habits of the chewer.

Answer 15

Oral Preparatory Phase

Question 16

Prolonged oral phase is necessary to savor the food.

Answer 16

Oral Preparatory Phase

Question 17

Voluntary phase in which “true swallowing” happens the moment the tongue pushed the chewed bolus and liquid into the pharynx.

Answer 17

Oral Preparatory Phase

Question 18

As the bolus is moved back by the tongue to enter the pharynx, a sequence of events is initiated that ensures that the airways are protected during bolus transport.

Answer 18

Pharyngeal Phase

Question 19

Firstly, diaphragmatic contraction is inhibited making simultaneous breathing and swallowing impossible under normal circumstances.

Answer 19

Pharyngeal Phase

Question 20

the soft palate is elevated to ensure a sphincteric closure of the nasopharynx.

Answer 20

Pharyngeal Phase

Question 21

the vocal cords start to close to protect the airways.

Answer 21

Pharyngeal Phase

Question 22

The bolus of food in the esophagus is propelled which is a towards the stomach by peristalsis which is a series of contraction of the smooth muscle of the esophagus which is preceded by a wave of relaxation.

Answer 22

Esophageal Phase

Question 23

When the bolus reaches the entrance of the stomach, the gastro-esophageal sphincter opens, food enters the stomach.

Answer 23

Esophageal Phase

Question 24

In what week of gestation does a human fetus can swallow

Answer 24

12th week of gestation

Question 25

At birth, swallowing response is purely “____” in nature.

Answer 25

Reflex

Question 26

Infantile swallowing is clearly adapted to “____” where the diet is purely fluid.

Answer 26

Suckling

Question 27

What are the mechanisms of infantile swallowing?

Answer 27

• Breastfeeding • Infant lips close around the areola of the breast • Tongue protrudes to the lower lip and forms a spoon like closure around the nipples • Mandible supports the lip and tongue & applies pressure. • Tongue is lowered and a vacuum is created while the mandible moves back. • Milk is directed to the pharynx by the peristaltic movement of the tongue.

Question 28

Transition occurs from infantile to mature swallowing takes around ___ months of age.

Answer 28

18 months

Question 29

Defined as the subjective sense of difficulty in swallowing which is caused by impaired progression of food or liquid from pharynx to stomach.

Answer 29

Dysphagia

Question 30

It is caused by impaired progression of food or liquid from pharynx to stomach.

Answer 30

Dysphagia

Question 31

Result of lesions of the pharynx, esophagus, and adjacent organs caused by cancer/tumor or surgery.

Answer 31

Dysphagia

Question 32

Common symptom of neuromuscular disorder including stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and scleroderma.

Answer 32

Dysphagia

Question 33

Common symptom of neuromuscular disorder including ____, ____, ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 33

stroke, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and scleroderma.

Question 34

Is a response similar to swallowing in the opposite direction, they are all treatable.

Answer 34

Vomiting

Question 35

Retching is more severe from gagging. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Give the cause of vomiting:

Answer 36

1. Gastric distention or irritation. ( any food particles or bacteria that is present in the stomach) 2. Mechanical stimulation of the pharynx. 3. Drugs like narcotics (morphine] and chemotherapeutic agents.

Question 37

Give the signs and symptoms of vomiting:

Answer 37

1. Pallor 2. Sweating 3. Salivation