Topic 1 Review

Question 1

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

80

Question 2

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 2

126

Question 3

What is the main function of the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

protection of major organs

Question 4

What is the main function of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 4

movement

Question 5

What bones comprise the pelvic girdle?

Answer 5

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 6

What is the longest bone in the body?

Answer 6

the femur

Question 7

What are the different types of bones?

Answer 7

long (most important for movement), short, flat, irregular

Question 8

In which bones is cancellous bone usually found?

Answer 8

ends of long, pelvic, ribs, skull and vertebrae

Question 9

What would you find in the medullary cavity of a long bone?

Answer 9

yellow bone marrow

Question 10

what are the ends and shafts of a long bone called

Answer 10

epiphysis (ends) and diaphysis (shaft)

Question 11

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 11

fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

Question 12

What are the six types of synovial joint?

Answer 12

gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball and socket

Question 13

Where is articular cartilage found?

Answer 13

Ends of bones where joints form

Question 14

What is the function of articular cartilage?

Answer 14

shock absorption and friction reduction (separates bones)

Question 15

Where is synovial fluid found?

Answer 15

the synovial cavity

Question 16

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 16

lubricates joints

Question 17

Where are bursae commonly found?

Answer 17

between synovial membrane and ligaments, next to tendons near large joints

Question 18

What is the function of bursae?

Answer 18

Cushioning and gliding

Question 19

What does a tendon connect?

Answer 19

bone to muscle

Question 20

What does a ligament connect?

Answer 20

bone to bone

Question 21

What are the important shoulder joint muscles?

Answer 21

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, and deltoid

Question 22

What are the important hip joint muscles?

Answer 22

iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, gluteus medias and minimus, abductors, and lateral rotators

Question 23

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Answer 23

sartorius (in leg)

Question 24

What are the properties of muscles?

Answer 24

contractility, extensibility, and elasticity (atrophy and hypertrophy)

Question 25

What are the three layers of fascia found in muscles?

Answer 25

epimysium, perimysium, amd endomysium

Question 26

Which muscles make up the calf?

Answer 26

gastrocnemius (most superficial) and soleus

Question 27

What gives muscles their striated appearance?

Answer 27

light (non thick myosin filament, only actin) and dark (thin myosin filament across myofibrils) bands

Question 28

Which muscles make up the quadricep group?

Answer 28

rectus femoris, vastus intermedialis, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis

Question 29

Which muscles make up the hamstring group?

Answer 29

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

Question 30

superior

Answer 30

above or nearer to the head

Question 31

inferior

Answer 31

below or further from the head

Question 32

anterior

Answer 32

in front or nearer to the front

Question 33

posterior

Answer 33

behind or nearer to the back

Question 34

medial

Answer 34

closer to the midline of the body

Question 35

lateral

Answer 35

further from the midline of the body

Question 36

proximal

Answer 36

nearer to where a limb attaches

Question 37

distal

Answer 37

further away from where a limb attaches

Question 38

supine

Answer 38

laying face up

Question 39

prone

Answer 39

laying face down

Question 40

What are the sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 40

cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5 fused as one), coccyx (4 fused as 1)

Question 41

Define joint

Answer 41

a joint occurs where two or more bones articulate

Question 42

What are the different types of muscles?

Answer 42

smooth, cardiac, and skeletal

Question 43

Define the origin of muscles

Answer 43

the attachment of a muscle tendon to a stationary bone