Topic 10 Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
It is one of the most important things in the conduct of Polygraph examination because it assists the examiner interpreting and evaluating interpret the tracings which will be the basis in drawing out conclusions and recommendations.
A
Chart Markings
2
Q
What is the symbol when Start of the test
A
X
3
Q
What is the symbol when End of the test
A
Xx
4
Q
What is the symbol when Millimeter of mercury shown in sphygmomanometer
A
60
5
Q
What is the symbol when Ohms of skin electrical resistance
A
1.5
6
Q
What is the symbol when Automatic or Manual setting of galvano amplifier amplifier
A
A or M
7
Q
What is the symbol when Point of beginning and ending of asking question (stimulus marks)
A
/ /
8
Q
What is the symbol of Yes answer
A
+
9
Q
What is the symbol of No answer
A
-
10
Q
What is the symbol of Adjustment
A
A
11
Q
What is the symbol when Subject talk instead of yes or no answer
A
T
12
Q
What is the symbol of Coughing
A
C
13
Q
What is the symbol of Noise
A
N
14
Q
What is the symbol when Subject sniffed
A
SN
15
Q
What is the symbol of Breathing instruction
A
BI
16
Q
What is the symbol of Outside stimulus
A
OS
17
Q
What is the symbol of Movement
A
M
18
Q
What is the symbol of Movement Instruction
A
MI
19
Q
What is the symbol of Laugh
A
L
20
Q
What is the symbol of Yawn
A
Y
21
Q
What is the symbol of Clearing of throat
A
CT
22
Q
Chart Interpretation
In every polygraph test chart there are two kinds of responses where deception may be traced, namely:
A
Normal Response
Specific Response
23
Q
Refers to the tracing of responses on the chart which does not deviates from the norms of the subject’s psycho-physiological response and usually appears when the subject is being ask of irrelevant questions.
A
- Normal Response
24
Q
- refers to any deviation from the normal tracing of the subject in the relevant and control questions
A
- Specific Response
25
A polygraph tracing can be dissected into four classification or segments (according to Backster in Bailey 1970, Matte 1980) it is presented below:
1. Average tracing segment
2. Reaction tracing segment
3. Relief tracing segment
4. Distortion tracing segment
26
is a segment within a tracing that shows no physiological evidence of a change in the emotional level within the stress area on the polygraph chart.
1. The average tracing segment
27
28
1. The average tracing segment condition is also known as the?
Tomic Level. (Weinstain 1995).
29
is a segment within a tracing that shows physiological evidence that the sympathetic subdivisions of the automic nervous system has become more active, indicating a psychological change from the subject's average emotional level.
Reaction tracing segment
30
The reaction tracing segment condition is also known as?
Phasic or Tomic response (Weinstrain 1995)
31
is a segment within a tracing that shows physiological evidence that the parasympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system has become more active following the stress area on the polygraph chart, indicating a psychological return to the subject's exhibited average emotional level.
Relief tracing segment
32
The relief tracing segment condition is also known as?
Homeostatic Change (Weinstain 1995).
33
is a segment within a tracing that departs from the average emotional level but lacks physiological evidence of either sympathetic or parasympathetic activation within the stress area on the polygraph chart, indicating an absence of psychological origin.
Distortion tracing segment
34
The distortion tracing segment condition is also known as?
Artifact (Weinstain 1995).
35
It is normally found at the top of the chart.
Pneumograph Tracing
36
It is a record of a subject's respiratory action during the questioning process and is classified as normal or abnormal.
Pneumograph Tracing
37
The pneumograph pattern consists of inhalation and exhalation strikes with a normal amplitude of form 1/2 to 3/4 inches.
Pneumograph Tracing
38
The normal cyclic rate is from 13 or 18 breaths per minute and may vary in reason of exceptional physical build condition or respiratory defect.
Pneumograph Tracing
39
The classification of abnormal is generally applied to those patterns that deviate from the norm established by the individual.
Pneumograph Tracing
40
It is normally located at the center position. When properly balanced, it takes the form of a slightly wavering line across the middle portion of the chart with a minor response to spoken stimuli.
Galvanograph Tracing
41
test records changes in subject's increase or decrease resistance to a constant electrical current generated through the amplifier, recording galvanometer, and rectifier of the polygraph.
Galvanic Skin Response or Reflex (GSR)
42
Since recording of this response comes from the stimuli causing a change in sweat glands activity, the theory behind it is that, it applies the fingers, hand and palms. forehead, armpits, anus area and the bottom of the feet as target areas. Sweat varies according to different circumstances such as muscular exercises, nausea pain, mental excitement, nervousness, dyspnea, asthma, other diseases, including certain drugs which somehow affect sweating activity.
Galvanograph Tracing
43
Temperature and humidity affects that sweat glands. Cold environmental decreases sweating, enhances urination and dehydration.
Galvanograph Tracing
44
Galvanic tracings which may be indicative of deception are:
Vertical rise at point of deception
Double saddle response
Long duration and/or degree of response following point of deception
Plugging salvo tracing
45
46
It is normally found at the bottom of the chart showing the tree physiological phenomena, a systolic stroke, a diastolic strokes and a dichotic notch.
Cardiosphygmograph Tracing
47
Normal pulse rate at the average individuals is 72 to 80 beats per minute and may vary due to the emotional tone of the subject
Cardiosphygmograph Tracing
48
Amplitude or volume is also subject to variation and dictated by the physiological structure of the person and the cuff pressure.
Cardiosphygmograph Tracing
49
Cardiograph tracing indicative of deception:
1. Increase or decrease in blood pressure
2. Increase or decrease in the pulse rate
3. Increase or decrease in amplitude
4. Changes in position or disappearance of dichotic notch
5. Extra systoles (premature contradiction of an auricle or ventricle while fundamental rhythm of the heart is maintained)
50
Who designed numerical scoring in 1963?
Backster
51
The advantage of the comparison technique, where each relevant question is compared against its neighboring control (probable-lie) question for a presence or absence of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation, is that it leads itself to a numerical scoring system in the analysis of each chart tracing, i.e. breathing galvanic skin resistance/ conductance, cardio. A score is assigned in each tracing to each set of relevant versus control questions on the basis of rules and standards established from logic, empirical data and analog/field research.
Numerical Quantification System in Chart Analysis
52
In chart interpretation, the forensic psychophysiologist (FP) must not allow a significant reaction in one tracing to influence his/her evaluation of that same relevant question in the tracings. The FP must also not allow a strong reaction in any or all tracing to one relevant question to influence his/her evaluation of the other relevant questions on the same chart.
Numerical Quantification System in Chart Analysis
53
To maintain an objective measure of the reaction or lack of reaction to each relevant question in each of the three tracings, a numerical scoring system was designed (Backster 1963) to provide the FP with a means of objectivity evaluating each relevant question versus its neighboring control question hereafter to as a Spot (Control vs. Relevant) in each tracing according to chart interpretation rules with penalties for violation of those rules, by the assignment or scoring of each Spot with a number from a seven-position scale.
Numerical Quantification System in Chart Analysis
54
Chart Interpretation Rule: by Cleve Backster
1. Backster "Either-Or" Rule
2. Back "Green Zone 'Yes' Answer Penalty" Rule
3. Backster "Anticipatory Reaction" Rule
4. Backster "Lack of Reaction via Deduction" Rule
5. Backster "Reaction Intensity" Upgrading Rule
55
To arrive at an interim spot analysis tracing determination of (+2) or (-2) there must be a significant and timely tracing reaction in either the red zone (relevant) or green zone (control) being compared.
Backster "Either-Or" Rule
56
If the red zone indicate a lack of reaction, it should be compared with the neighboring green zone containing the larger timely reaction. If the red zone indicates a timely and significant reaction if should be compared with the neighboring green zone containing no reaction or the east reaction.
Backster "Either-Or" Rule
Note: (Backster ZCTI)
57
Back "Green Zone 'Yes' Answer Penalty" Rule
If 'yes' answer is given to a green zone question which is a reversal of the answer given during the pretest question review, that green zone cannot be used as a spot analysis "presence-of-reaction" zone
A green zone involving such an answer reversal can be used as a spot analysis "lack-of-reaction" zone where no reaction, or a reaction significantly smaller than the red zone reaction, is indicated.
Note: (Backster ZCT) such use should be avoided if another adjacent lack-of-reaction green zone, properly answered, is available.
Matte QTZCT; The forensic psychophysiologist (FP) cannot jump to another track to make a comparison.
Backster "Anticipatory Reaction" Rule
Regardless of its intensity, any red zone or green zone reaction which starts prior to the first word of the question that follows can be assigned a maximum numerical value (+1) or (-1).
Note: This restriction applies even though the 'either-or' rule is dramatically satisfied except for the prevailing reaction's timeliness.
Backster "Lack of Reaction via Deduction" Rule
If the red zone or the green zone tracing exhibits a presence of relief during the asking of a question, or starting prior to five seconds after subjects answer the relied can be classified as a lack of reaction.
Note: The above is based upon the premises that a person cannot exhibit reaction and relief simultaneously.
Tracing Included: Breathing and Cardio
Backster "Reaction Intensity" Upgrading Rule
58
Involving such an answer reversal can be used as a spot analysis "lack-of-reaction" zone where no reaction, or a reaction significantly smaller than the red zone reaction, is indicated.
Backster "Green Zone 'Yes' Answer Penalty" Rule
59
such use should be avoided if another adjacent lack-of-reaction green zone, properly answered, is available.
Back "Green Zone 'Yes' Answer Penalty" Rule
Note: (Backster ZCT)
60
Regardless of its intensity, any red zone or green zone reaction which starts prior to the first word of the question that follows can be assigned a maximum numerical value (+1) or (-1).
Backster "Anticipatory Reaction" Rule
61
Note: This restriction applies even though the 'either-or' rule is dramatically satisfied except for the prevailing reaction's timeliness.
Backster "Anticipatory Reaction" Rule
62
If the red zone or the green zone tracing exhibits a presence of relief during the asking of a question, or starting prior to five seconds after subjects answer the relied can be classified as a lack of reaction.
Backster "Lack of Reaction via Deduction" Rule
63
Note: The above is based upon the premises that a person cannot exhibit reaction and relief simultaneously.
Tracing Included: Breathing and Cardio
Backster "Lack of Reaction via Deduction" Rule
64
To upgrade a (+2) or (-2) interim spot analysis rating to a (+3) or (-3) final spot rating the intensity of the presence-of-reaction' zone mus be significantly more dramatic than that required by the 'either-or' chart analysis rule.
Backster "Reaction Intensity" Upgrading Rule
65
Note: When attempting to upgrade the GSR inter-comparison a magnitude ratio to close to or in excess of a four-to-one ratio is required
Backster "Reaction Intensity" Upgrading Rule
