Topic 12: Experimental techniques and chemical analysis

Question 1

What apparatus is used to measure time?

Answer 1

Stopwatch

Question 2

What apparatus is used to measure temperature?

Answer 2

Thermometer

Question 3

What apparatus is used to measure mass?

Answer 3

Balance

Question 4

What apparatus measures variable volumes of liquids accurately?

Answer 4

Burette

Question 5

What apparatus measures fixed volumes of liquids accurately?

Answer 5

Volumetric pipette

Question 6

What apparatus gives rough volume measurements?

Answer 6

Measuring cylinder

Question 7

What is used to measure the volume of a gas?

Answer 7

Gas syringe

Question 8

What is a solvent?

Answer 8

A substance that dissolves a solute

Question 9

What is a solute?

Answer 9

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 10

What is a solution?

Answer 10

A mixture of solute(s) dissolved in a solvent

Question 11

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 11

A solution that contains the maximum solute that can dissolve at a specific temperature

Question 12

What is a residue?

Answer 12

A solid that remains after evaporation, filtration, or distillation

Question 13

What is a filtrate?

Answer 13

A liquid or solution that passes through a filter

Question 14

What apparatus holds the acid in a titration?

Answer 14

Burette

Question 15

What apparatus measures and transfers the alkali?

Answer 15

Volumetric pipette

Question 16

What is used to detect the end-point of a titration?

Answer 16

A suitable indicator

Question 17

How is the end-point of a titration identified?

Answer 17

By a colour change of the indicator

Question 18

What does chromatography separate?

Answer 18

Soluble coloured substances

Question 19

What causes substances to separate on chromatography paper?

Answer 19

Different solubilities in the solvent

Question 20

What does one spot on a chromatogram show?

Answer 20

A pure substance

Question 21

How do you identify a substance using a chromatogram?

Answer 21

Compare it to spots from known substances

Question 22

What does it mean if two substances have the same Rf value?

Answer 22

They are likely the same substance

Question 23

What is the formula for Rf?

Answer 23

Rf = distance moved by substance ÷ distance moved by solvent

Question 24

What method separates an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Answer 24

Filtration

Question 25

What method separates a dissolved solid from a solution?

Answer 25

Crystallisation

Question 26

What method separates a solvent from a solution?

Answer 26

Simple distillation

Question 27

What method separates miscible liquids with different boiling points?

Answer 27

Fractional distillation

Question 28

What indicates a pure substance?

Answer 28

A sharp melting or boiling point

Question 29

What indicates an impure substance?

Answer 29

A lower melting point and higher boiling point range

Question 30

What gas is released when ammonium is warmed with NaOH?

Answer 30

Ammonia

Question 31

What is the colour of copper(II) precipitate with NaOH?

Answer 31

Light blue

Question 32

What colour is iron(II) precipitate with NaOH?

Answer 32

Green

Question 33

What colour is iron(III) precipitate with NaOH?

Answer 33

Red-brown

Question 34

What cation gives a white precipitate soluble in excess NaOH and NH₃?

Answer 34

Zinc

Question 35

What gas is released when carbonates react with acid?

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide

Question 36

What colour is the precipitate for chloride with silver nitrate?

Answer 36

White

Question 37

What colour is the precipitate for bromide?

Answer 37

Cream

Question 38

What colour is the precipitate for iodide?

Answer 38

Yellow

Question 39

What gas is released when nitrate is reduced with aluminium and NaOH?

Answer 39

Ammonia

Question 40

What is the test for sulfate ions?

Answer 40

Add dilute nitric acid and barium nitrate → white precipitate

Question 41

How is ammonia gas identified?

Answer 41

Turns damp red litmus paper blue

Question 42

How is carbon dioxide identified?

Answer 42

Turns limewater milky

Question 43

How is chlorine identified?

Answer 43

Bleaches litmus paper

Question 44

How is hydrogen identified?

Answer 44

Lighted splint makes a squeaky pop

Question 45

How is oxygen identified?

Answer 45

Glowing splint relights

Question 46

How is sulfur dioxide identified?

Answer 46

Turns acidified potassium manganate(VII) from purple to colourless

Question 47

What flame colour does lithium produce?

Answer 47

Red

Question 48

What flame colour does sodium produce?

Answer 48

Yellow

Question 49

What flame colour does potassium produce?

Answer 49

Lilac

Question 50

What flame colour does calcium produce?

Answer 50

Orange-red

Question 51

What flame colour does copper(II) produce?

Answer 51

Blue-green