Topic 8: Periodic table

Question 1

How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?

Answer 1

In order of increasing atomic number (proton number).

Question 2

What are periods in the Periodic Table?

Answer 2

Horizontal rows showing number of electron shells.

Question 3

What are groups in the Periodic Table?

Answer 3

Vertical columns showing number of outer shell electrons.

Question 4

Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?

Answer 4

Because they have the same number of outer shell electrons.

Question 5

What trend is seen across a period (left to right)?

Answer 5

Change from metallic to non-metallic character.

Question 6

What happens to reactivity of metals down a group?

Answer 6

It increases.

Question 7

What happens to reactivity of non-metals down a group?

Answer 7

It decreases.

Question 8

What are examples of Group I metals?

Answer 8

Lithium, sodium, potassium.

Question 9

Are Group I metals hard or soft?

Answer 9

Relatively soft and easy to cut.

Question 10

How do Group I metals react with water?

Answer 10

They form alkaline metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Question 11

What happens to reactivity down Group I?

Answer 11

Reactivity increases.

Question 12

What happens to melting point down Group I?

Answer 12

It decreases.

Question 13

What happens to density down Group I?

Answer 13

It increases.

Question 14

What flame colour does lithium produce?

Answer 14

Red.

Question 15

What flame colour does sodium produce?

Answer 15

Yellow.

Question 16

What flame colour does potassium produce?

Answer 16

Lilac.

Question 17

Describe lithium’s reaction with water

Answer 17

Floats and gives off hydrogen (effervescence).

Question 18

Describe sodium’s reaction with water.

Answer 18

Moves quickly and reacts vigorously.

Question 19

Describe potassium’s reaction with water.

Answer 19

Explosive with a lilac flame.

Question 20

What are examples of Group VII elements?

Answer 20

Chlorine, bromine, iodine.

Question 21

Are halogens metals or non-metals?

Answer 21

Diatomic non-metals.

Question 22

What happens to reactivity down Group VII?

Answer 22

It decreases.

Question 23

Why does halogen reactivity decrease down the group?

Answer 23

Outer electrons are further from the nucleus, harder to gain.

Question 24

What is the state and colour of chlorine at r.t.p.?

Answer 24

Pale yellow-green gas.

Question 25

What is the state and colour of bromine at r.t.p.?

Answer 25

Red-brown liquid.

Question 26

What is the state and colour of iodine at r.t.p.?

Answer 26

Grey-black solid.

Question 27

What happens to halogen colour down the group?

Answer 27

It darkens.

Question 28

What happens to halogen melting points down the group?

Answer 28

They increase.

Question 29

What are displacement reactions in halogens?

Answer 29

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one from its salt.

Question 30

Are transition elements metals or non-metals?

Answer 30

Metals.

Question 31

What are physical properties of transition metals?

Answer 31

High density, high melting points, good conductors, malleable.

Question 32

What are chemical properties of transition metals?

Answer 32

Form coloured compounds, act as catalysts, variable oxidation states.

Question 33

Give an example of variable oxidation states in transition metals.

Answer 33

Iron(II) and Iron(III).

Question 34

Are noble gases reactive?

Answer 34

No, they are unreactive (inert).

Question 35

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 35

They have full outer electron shells.

Question 36

Are noble gases monoatomic or diatomic?

Answer 36

Monoatomic.

Question 37

What happens to density down Group VIII?

Answer 37

It increases.

Question 38

What happens to melting and boiling points down Group VIII?

Answer 38

They increase.

Question 39

What are uses of helium?

Answer 39

Filling balloons.

Question 40

What are uses of neon?

Answer 40

Advertising signs.

Question 41

What are uses of argon?

Answer 41

Lamps (light bulbs).