Topic 2 Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the structure of an amino acid?
Amino acids have a backbone, which includes : an amino group, central carbon atom, hydrogen atom, and carboxyl group. They also have a side chain, their R groups.
What is a polar covalent bond?
A polar covalent bond has an unequal share of electrons, giving atoms a partial feel.
What is a non polar covalent bond?
Non polar covalent bonds have an equal share of electrons in the covalent bond
Whats a dipole?
Dipoles have atoms with partial feel charges
Define electronegativty.
Electronegativity is, how attractive an atom is to shared electrons in covalent bonds
What are the most common polar covalent bonds? What are the most common non-polar covalent bonds?
Polar: O-H, N-H, C-O, C-N
Non-Polar: C-C and C-H
What are ions?
Ions are fully charged atoms- a complete transfer of one or more valance electrons.
What is the primary structure? Whats the byproduct and whats this reaction called?
Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids held together by covalent bonds called peptide bonds- water is a byproduct. This reaction is dehydration synthesis reaction.
What is secondary structure?
Secondary structure is made of alpha helices and beta sheets caused by hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxylic acid groups. Does not involve R group.
What is teritary structure?
Teritatry structure is a single polypeptide chain and the way it folds. AKA: overall fold
Whats a domain?
A domain is an independently folded part of a single polypeptide chain
Are polar bonds hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Non polar?
Polar bonds are hydrophilic and non polar are hydrophobic.
1) Polar uncharged+Polar uncharged : _______
2) Polar charged + Polar charged: ________
3) Polar uncharged +Polar charged:______
4) Non polar + Non polar: _______
1) Hydrogen bond
2) Ionic bonds
3) Hydrophobic/Van der Waals
What is the hyrdophobic effect?
Proteins fold into their teritary structure by concealing non-polar R groups, while exposing polar R groups.
Describe a backbone model.
Backbone models only show the path of backbone, doesnt show R groups.
Describe a wireframe/ballstick model
Wireframe/ball stick models, show all the atoms and bonds in the molecule. This model is good for seeing overall structure.
Describe a ribbon model
Ribbon models only show alpha helices and beta sheets - highlights secondary structure. Shows general path of backbone and secondary structure.
Describe space filling model
In space filling models, you cant see secondary structure or back bone. You can see the surface contour structure
