Topic 9 Flashcards
Cellular Respiration (21 cards)
What metabolic organism are humans?
Humans are chemoheterotrophs.
More ______ molecules have lower ________ energies.
More STABLE molecules have lower POTENTIAL energies.
What is catabolic and what does it refer to?
Catabolic is oxidative and exergonic.
Catabolic refers to molecular pathways that breakdown molecules into smaller subunits
What is anabolic and what does it refer to?
Anabolic is reductive and endergonic.
Anabolic refers to molecular pathways that build molecules from other small subunits.
Is endergonic Delta G a positive or negative rxn? Why?
Endergonic delta G is positive since free energy increases over the course of the rxn.
Is exergonic delta G positive or negative? Why?
Exergonic delta G is negative since free energy is decreasing over the course of the reaction.
What is needed to reach a high energy transition state? How do enzymes come into play?
Activation energy is needed to reach a high energy transition state.
Enzymes work by reducing the activation energy
What is Delta G?
Delta G is the overall change in free energy from products to reactants.
Whats a coupled reaction?What does it help with?
A coupled reaction is an exergonic reaction linked to an endergonic reaction.
Energy released from the exergonic rxn helps the endergonic rxn happen.
What is the goal in cellular respiration?
The goal is to extract the potential energy in the bonds of glucose to make ATP.
Whats a redox reaction?
A redox reaction is when a molecule gains electrons. This decreases oxidation state.
Whats a oxidation reaction?
An oxidation reaction is when a molecule looses electrons. This increases oxidation state.
Explain Glycosis- Energy investment
There is 2 ATP invested
Enzyme that phosphorylates fructose-6-phopshate is inhibited by ATP at high levels.
Explain Glycosis-Energy Payout
1)Sugar is split into 2 molecules
2)Another phosphate is added to both molecules
3)ATP is produced
4)ATP is the product from substrate with a phosphate group and ADP
___________ glucose cant leave the cell.
PHOSPHORYLATED glucose cant leave cell.
Whats the net output of glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH
What are the prodcuts of Kreb cycle?
3 NADH molecules
1 FADH2 molecule
1 ATP
2 CO2
(everything occurs x2)
Where does the ETC occur?
In the inner membrane of mitochondria.
What happens during the ETC?
1)NADH and FADH2 dump electrons into chain
2)NADH and FADH are oxidized to NAD & FAD. Complex 1 is reduced.
3)Chain reaction sends electrons through and the potential energy of these electrons drop at each step
4)This energy is used to have H+ pushed agaisnt gradient into intermembrane space.
5)Oxygen accpets low energy electrons
6)Makes water
Whats the point of fermentation?
NAD+ Regeneration
Energy production in anaerobic conditions
What are the two types of fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcohol fermentation
