Topic 2

Question 1

Anaphase

Answer 1

Stage of mitosis when separated chromosomes move away from each other

Question 2

Asexual reproduction

Answer 2

Producing organisms from one parent only.

Genetically identical to the parent

Question 3

Cancer cell

Answer 3

Cell that divides uncontrollably

Question 4

Cell cycle

Answer 4

Sequence of growth and division in cells

Mitosis & interphase

Question 5

Cytokinesis

Answer 5

When the cytoplasm of the cell is separated and the cell membrane is pinched to divide the cell into 2 daughter cells

Question 6

Daughter Cell

Answer 6

New cells produced by cell division

Question 7

DNA replication

Answer 7

Copying of DNA in a cell

Question 8

Interphase

Answer 8

Stage when cell prepared itself to divide, DNA replication takes place.
Makes more sub-cellular structures

Question 9

Metaphase

Answer 9

Stage of mitosis when chromosomes line up in middle of cell

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

Process of cells dividing into 2 identical daughter cells, genetically identical also to the parent

Question 11

Prophase

Answer 11

Stage of mitosis when the nucleus begins to break down and spindle fibres appear

Question 12

Spindle fibre

Answer 12

Filament formed during mitosis to help separate chromosomes

Question 13

Telophase

Answer 13

Chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of cell and nucleus membrane forms

Question 14

Percentile

Answer 14

A 1/100 division of a group

Question 15

Differentiate

Answer 15

To change into different types, e.g., meristem cells differentiate to become xylem cells or root hair cells

Question 16

Elongation

Answer 16

When something gets longer

Question 17

Meristem

Answer 17

A small area of undifferentiated cells in a plant

Question 18

Root hair cell

Answer 18

Cell found on surface of plant roots that has a large surface area to absorb water

Question 19

Xylem cell

Answer 19

Cells that join with other xylem cells to form long, thick walled vessels after they die.

Carry water and dissolved mineral salts through the plant

Question 20

Adult stem cell

Answer 20

Stem cell found in specialised tissue that can produce more of the specialised cells in that tissue for growth and repair

Question 21

Rejection

Answer 21

When the immune system attacks and kills cells and tissue

Question 22

Axon

Answer 22

Long extension of a neurone that carries an impulse away from dendron or dendrite towards other neurones

Question 23

Axon terminal

Answer 23

Small ‘button’ at end of branches that leave an axon

Question 24

CNS

Answer 24

Central Nervous System

Brain and spinal cord

Question 25

Dendrite

Answer 25

A fine extension from a neurone which carries impulses

Question 26

Dendron

Answer 26

Large, long extension of a sensory neurone that carries impulses from dendrite to axon

Question 27

Myelin sheath

Answer 27

Fatty covering around axons of neurones. Speeds up transmissions of impulses Helps to insulate

Question 28

Neurone

Answer 28

Cell that transmits electrical impulses | Nerve cell

Question 29

Neurotransmission

Answer 29

Passing impulses | Neurone to neurone

Question 30

Receptor cell

Answer 30

Cell that receives a stimulus and coverts it into an impulse to be sent to the brain - spinal cord

Question 31

Sense organ

Answer 31

Organ that contains receptor cells

Question 32

Sensory neurone

Answer 32

Neurone that carries impulses from receptor cells towards CNS

Question 33

Stimulus

Answer 33

Change in a factor detected by receptors

Question 34

Effector

Answer 34

Muscle or gland in the body that performs an action when an impulse is received from nervous system is received

Question 35

Motor neurone

Answer 35

Neurone that carries impulses to effectors

Question 36

Neurotransmitter

Answer 36

Substance that diffuses across the gap between 2 neurones at a synapse

Question 37

Reflex arc

Answer 37

Neurone pathway consisting of sensory neurone passing impulses to a motor neurone

Question 38

Relay neurone

Answer 38

Short neurone in spinal cord and brain, linking with sensory, motor and other relay neurones

Question 39

Synapse

Answer 39

Where 2 neurones meet - tiny gap where electrical impulses cannot be transmitted, so are changed into chemical impulses