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Chemistry Yr11 > Topic 2.1 - 2.4 > Flashcards

Topic 2.1 - 2.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mnemonic to remember Reactivity Series of Metals?

A

Please Send Little Charlie’s Monkeys and Zebras In Tall Lead Cages Securely Guarded

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2
Q

How do Potassium and Sodium react when cut and left in air?

A

Shiny surface quickly tarnishes

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3
Q

How does Potassium react when heated in air?

A

Burn with lilac flame

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4
Q

How does Sodium react when heated in air?

A

Burns with bright yellow flame

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5
Q

How do Ca, Mg, Al and Zn react when left in air?

A

React slowly forming layer of oxide

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6
Q

How does Calcium react when heated in air?

A

Burns with brick red flame

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7
Q

How does Magnesium react when heated in air?

A

Burns with bright white light, leaving white ash

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8
Q

How does Aluminium powder react when heated in air?

A

Burns with white sparks leaving white solid

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9
Q

How does Zinc react when heated in air?

A

Burns leaving yellow solid, which changes to white when cooled

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10
Q

How do Iron and Copper react when left in air?

A

Forms oxide layer, easily rubbed off

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11
Q

How does Iron wool react when heated in air?

A

Burn with yellow/orange sparks forming black solid

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12
Q

How does Copper react when heated in air?

A

Quickly forms black oxide layer

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13
Q

Give 4 observations of Potassium reacting with water?

A

Floats
Fizzes across surface
Lilac flame
Bubbles of gas

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14
Q

Give 4 observations of Sodium reacting with water?

A

Floats
Fizzes across surface
Rolls in to ball
Heat released

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15
Q

Give 3 observations of Calcium reacting with water?

A

Sinks initially
Bubbles of gas
Heat released

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16
Q

Give observation of Magnesium reacting with water?

A

Some bubbles of gas released

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17
Q

Will Aluminium, Zinc, Iron and Copper react with water?

A

No

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18
Q

If Universal indicator was used, what would the colour change be after the reactions of Potassium and Sodium in water?

A

Green to Blue

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19
Q

How do we know that the gas produced from reactions of Calcium and Magnesium with water is Hydrogen?

A

When gas is collected, it burns with a squeaky pop

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20
Q

Word Equation for reaction of Metal and Water?

A

Metal + Water —> Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

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21
Q

Magnesium reaction with steam?

A

Produces bright white light and forms white solid

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22
Q

Reaction of Aluminium powder and steam?

A

Forms white powder

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23
Q

Reaction of Zinc with Steam?

A

Glows, producing yellow powder which becomes white when left to cool

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24
Q

Reaction of Red hot Iron and steam?

A

Forms black solid

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25
What is a Displacement Reaction?
This is a reaction where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive element from its compound
26
Give 2 tests for presence of water?
- Placing Anhydrous Copper Sulphate, if colour changes from white to blue, water is present - Placing Anhydrous Cobalt Chloride, if colour changes from blue to pink, water is present
27
How to test for pure water?
Check if freezing point is exactly 0°C or if boiling point is exactly 100°C
28
Definition of Hardwater?
Water that doesn't easily lather with soap
29
Name 2 ions that cause water to be hard?
Calcium ions | Magnesium ions
30
Why does Hard water not lather easily with soap?
Calcium ions react with Stearate ions in soap to form scum
31
Chemical name of Scum?
Calcium Stearate
32
What ion in hard water helps form strong teeth and bones?
Calcium ions
33
Give 2 terms that describe hardness of hard water?
Permanent | Temporary
34
What 2 salts causes Hardwater to be Temporary?
Calcium HydrogenCarbonate | Magnesium HydrogenCarbonate
35
Give 3 features of Hard Water areas?
Pot holes Caverns Stalagmites and Stalactites
36
Definition of Temporary Hardwater?
Water that when boiled, Calcium HydrogenCarbonate decomposes and insoluble Calcium Carbonate is formed
37
What is Calcium Carbonate?
Like scale
38
Give word equation of formation of scum?
Sodium Stearate + Hardwater ---> Calcium Stearate + Sodium
39
Give word equation of temporary Hardwater being heated?
Calcium HydrogenCarbonate ---> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Calcium Carbonate
40
Why does boiling temporary hard water cause it to become soft?
Boiling the water causes precipitation of Calcium/Magnesium Carbonate. This removes calcium and magnesium ions, removing the hardness
41
Definition of Permanent Hardwater?
Water that contains Calcium and Magnesium salts that cannot be broken down by boiling
42
Give 2 ways in which Permanent Hardwater can become soft?
- Adding Washing Soda | - Ion Exchange Columns
43
Why does adding washing soda to Hardwater cause it to become soft?
Washing soda is Sodium Carbonate. Calcium and Magnesium ions react with Sodium Carbonate and form insoluble Calcium/Magnesium Carbonate, removing the hardness
44
Why do Ion Exchange columns make Hardwater soft?
Ion exchange column contains resin with sodium ions. Calcium and Magnesium ions exchange with Sodium as water flows through column. Calcium and Magnesium ions are thus removed, removing the hardness
45
Give 4 advantages of Hardwater?
Tastes better Provides calcium ions for strong bones and teeth Better for tanning leather Better for brewing beer
46
Give 3 disadvantages of Hardwater?
Limescale Produces scum which wastes soap Special dishwasher salt needed so as to soften water, extra cost
47
Give 2 examples of Dessicants?
Silica Gel | Calcium Chloride
48
Define Dessicant?
A substance which absorbs moisture
49
Define Deliquescent?
A substance that absorbs so much moisture in the air that it dissolves, forming a solution
50
Give 3 advantages of Flouridation?
Prevents tooth decay Protects enamel Lowers cavities in teeth
51
Give 2 disadvantages of Flouridation?
Flourosis | Ethical issues, seen as mass medication
52
What is Flouridation?
When flouride ions are added to the water supply
53
Give 4 signs that indicate a chemical reaction taking place?
Colour change Precipitate Gas Temperature change
54
Give 3 exothermic reactions?
Combustion Neutralisation Displacement
55
Give 3 endothermic reactions?
Thermal Decomposition Cracking Photosynthesis
56
Define Thermal Decomposition?
The breaking down of a compound using Heat
57
Give 2 uses of limestone?
Blast furnace | Neutralising acidic soil
58
Give 2 uses of Calcium Oxide?
- Mixing with water to produce limewater | - Making plaster
59
3 advantages of Limestone quarrying?
Provide jobs Raw material for use in blast furnace or soil neutralisation Boosts the economy
60
Give 3 disadvantages of Limestone quarrying?
Eye sore Ruins animal habitats Noise and dust pollution
61
Give 3 consequences in Global Warming?
Flooding Drought Destruction of habitat
62
Who devised the Continental Drift Theory?
Alfred Wegner
63
What is Continental Drift?
The idea that the continents were once 1 large landmass, but they drifted apart
64
What is the current theory on plate tectonics?
Continents move due to conventional currents in the mantle
65
What causes an Earthquake?
When 2 tectonic plates slide past each other, or 1 slides under another, the plates may bend. As a result forces can be suddenly released which causes to ground to shake violently
66
What causes a Volcano?
When plates move apart, the earths crust is stretched, and may even crack. Molten magma can thus escape and a volcano is formed
67
What is the chemical name of Rust?
Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide
68
Define Galvanising?
A process that bonds a layer of reactive metal over the surface of a less reactive metal
69
Define Reducing Agent?
A substance that reduces an oxidised compound
70
Define Oxidising Agent?
A substance which oxidises a reduced compound
71
Give 3 examples of Oxidation and Reduction in Industry?
- Extraction of iron from blast furnace - Extraction of aluminium by electrolysis - Production of ammonia in the Haber Process
72
Define Rate of Reaction?
A measure of how fast or slow a reaction is
73
2 ways to measure Rate of Reaction?
- Measure how quickly the products form in a given time | - Meausre how quickly reactants are used up in a given time
74
Time is Inversely Proportional to Rate. True or false?
True
75
What 4 factors affect rate of reaction?
Surface area Concentration Temperature Catalysts
76
What is Collision Theory?
For a reaction to take place, reacting particles must collide with sufficient Activation Energy
77
What is Activation Energy?
The minimum energy required for a reaction to take place between reacting particles

Chemistry Yr11 (9 decks)

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