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Chemistry Yr11 > Topic 8 + 9 > Flashcards

Topic 8 + 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What do Alkalis do when they dissolve in water?

A

They release OH- ions

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2
Q

What is an Alkali?

A

A soluble base that produces Hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

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3
Q

What symbol shows that a substance is toxic?

A

Skull and crossbones

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4
Q

What colour does Phenolphthalien change with acid?

A

Colourless

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5
Q

What colour does Phenolphthalien change to with Alkalis?

A

Pink

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6
Q

What colour does Universal Indicator change to with a solution of pH 1-2?

A

Red

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7
Q

What colour does Universal Indicator change to with a solution of pH 3-6?

A

Yellow

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8
Q

What colour does Universal Indicator change to with a solution of pH 7?

A

Green

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9
Q

What colour does Universal Indicator change to with a solution of pH 8-11?

A

Blue

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10
Q

What colour does Universal Indicator change to with a solution of pH 12-14?

A

Purple

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11
Q

What apparatus can you use to more accurately measure pH?

A

A pH meter

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12
Q

What is ionisation?

A

This is when a solution loses Hydrogen ions

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13
Q

How much ionisation occurs with strong acids dissolving in water?

A

Complete ionisation

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14
Q

How much ionisation occurs when weak acids dissolve in water?

A

Partial ionisation

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15
Q

What is a base?

A

A compound that will neutralise an acid

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16
Q

What compounds are often bases?

A

Metal Oxides/Hydroxides

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17
Q

Give 4 examples of Neutralisation reactions in life?

A

Inigestion Tablets neutralising Stomach acid
Lime neutralising acidic soil
Lime neutralising acidic water
Acidic Docking Leaf neutralising Wasp Sting

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18
Q

What is Neutralisation?

A

This is when an equal amount of H+ ions from an acid and OH- ions from an alkali react to form water

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19
Q

What is a Salt?

A

When a metal (or Ammonium ion) takes the place of hydrogen in an acid, the compound that forms is called a salt

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20
Q

Acid + Metal —>?

A

Salt + Hydrogen

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21
Q

Acid + Metal Carbonate —>?

A

Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

22
Q

Acid + Alkali—>?

A

Salt + Water

23
Q

Acid + Base—>?

A

Salt + Water

24
Q

What compounds are often acidic?

A

Non metal oxides

Other compounds also

25
What are Amphoteric Compounds?
Compounds that react with acids and alkalis
26
Give 2 examples of Amphoteric Compounds?
Aluminium Hydroxide | Zinc Hydroxide
27
What 2 methods are used in preparation of salts?
Titration | Excess solid
28
When is Excess Solid used?
If the Salt produced will be Soluble, and the Base, Metal, or Metal Carbonate reacting with the Acid is insoluble. Excess solid will be used
29
When is Titration used?
If the salt that is produced is soluble, and the Base, Metal, or Metal Carbonate reacting with the acid is soluble, then Titration is used
30
Go through 9 steps of Titration?
1. Pipette 25cm3 of substance that isn't acid in to conical flask 2. 'Add Phenolphthalien indicator, turns pink 3. Fill Burette with Hydrochloric Acid 4. Add acid to conical flask until colour changes to colourless 5. Record volume of Hydrochloric acid added 6. Repeat without indicator to obtain solution of salt and water 7. Put solution in to evaporating basin, heat and reduce volume by half 8. Leave to cool and crystallise 9. Filter crystals and dry between filter paper
31
Go through 7 steps of Excess Solid?
1. Measure 25cm3 of Hydrochloric Acid in to conical flask 2. Add excess of insoluble substance that isn't acid, to HCl 3. Heat and stir 4. Filter off insoluble solid to leave salt solution 5. Put solution in to evaporating basin, heat reduce volume by half 6. Leave to cool and crystallise 7. Filter crystals and dry between filter paper
32
Name 3 ways to dry crystals?
Dry between filter paper Dessicator Low temperature oven
33
Give 3 steps of Precipitation Reaction? (Preparation of Insoluble Salt)
1. Place 15cm3 for each of the 2 soluble compounds in to a beaker 2. Mix solutions until insoluble salt is formed 3. Filter insoluble salt and wash with distilled water, and dry between filter paper
34
Colour of Sodium ion when burned?
Yellow
35
Colour of Potassium ion when burned?
Purple/lilac flame
36
Colour of Barium ion when burned?
Apple Green
37
Colour of Calcium ion when burned?
Red
38
Colour of Copper ion when burned?
Green/blue
39
When Sodium Hydroxide is added to Magnesium ions, what colour is the precipitate? What does this indicate?
White, indicates Cations
40
When Sodium Hydroxide is added to Aluminium ions, what colour is the precipitate? What does this indicate?
White, indicates Cations
41
When Sodium Hydroxide is added to Zinc ions, what colour is the precipitate? What does this indicate?
White, indicates Cations
42
When Sodium Hydroxide is added to Copper ions, what colour is the precipitate? What does this indicate?
Blue, indicates cations
43
When Sodium Hydroxide is added to Iron (II) ions, what colour is the precipitate? What does this indicate?
Green, indicates Cations
44
When Sodium Hydroxide is added to Iron (III) ions, what colour is the precipitate? What does this indicate?
Red/brown, indicates Cations
45
When adding Silver Nitrate to Chlorine ions, what colour is precipitate?
White
46
When adding Silver Nitrate to Bromine ions, what colour is precipitate?
Cream
47
When adding Silver Nitrate to Iodine ions, what colour is precipitate?
Yellow
48
What colour is Precipitate when Barium Chloride is added to a compound containing sulfate ions?
White
49
When Hydrochloric Acid is added to a Compound containing Carbonate ions, what 3 observations are made?
Bubbles of gas Compound solid disappears Limewater turns cloudy
50
What do Acids do when dissolved in water?
Realease H+ ions

Chemistry Yr11 (9 decks)

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