Topic 1-6

Question 0

Why do the ions attract each other to form an ionic lattice?

Answer 0

They have opposite charges, and opposite charges attract

Question 1

What is Ionic Bonding?

Answer 1

Bonding between a metal and a non-metal

Question 2

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 2

Bonding between 2 non- metals

Question 3

What does the term ‘diatomic’ mean?

Answer 3

When two atoms of the same element have covalently bonded

Question 4

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 4

The attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions in metal

Question 5

Why do the electrons delocalise in metal?

Answer 5

The atoms are so tightly packed together that the elements in the outer shells get separated from their atoms

Question 6

Why does metal carry current?

Answer 6

Due to metallic bonding, delocalised electrons can move freely and carry current

Question 7

Is crystalline a property of Giant Ionic Lattices?

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

Do Giant Ionic Lattices have low melting and boiling points?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Giant Ionic Lattices conduct electricity when solid. True or False?

Answer 9

False. They conduct when liquid and molten, as the ions are able to move freely and carry current

Question 10

Giant Ionic Lattices are soluble in water. True or False?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Do Covalent Molecular structures have low boiling and melting points?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Covalent Molecular Structures are able to conduct electricity. True or False?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Are Covalent Molecular structures soluble in water?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What is an Allotrope?

Answer 14

A different form of an element, in the same physical state.

Question 15

Why do Diamond and Graphite have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 15

They both have so many strong covalent bonds

Question 16

Why does Graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 16

Delocalised electrons between the layers are able to move freely and carry current

Question 17

Why is graphite a slippery soft solid?

Answer 17

The weak Van Der Waal bonds between the layers, allow them to slide over each other

Question 18

Can Metallic Structures conduct electricity?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Why are Metallic Structures malleable and ductile?

Answer 19

The delocalised electrons move between the positive ions when force is applied, keeping them together, whilst being stretched and bent

Question 20

What is valency?

Answer 20

The number of electrons an atom will have to gain or lose in order to gain a full outer shell

Question 21

How to work out formula of a compound?

Answer 21

Swap and drop the valencies of both products. ie.
Na    O
1       2
2       1 
  Na2O

Question 22

What were Newland’s Octaves?

Answer 22

Every 8th element has some similarity. This pattern was called Newland’s Octaves

Question 23

What way did Newland’s arrange his periodic table?

Answer 23

Atomic Mass

Question 24

Mendeleev did the same as Newland's in arranging the periodic table in atomic mass, but what did he do different?

Answer 24

He left gaps for undiscovered elements

Question 25

Did Mendeleevs periodic table manage to separate metals and non - metals?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

How is our modern day periodic table different to Mendeleev's?

Answer 26

- no gaps - noble gases have been discovered - arranged in atomic NUMBER - actinides and lanthanides

Question 27

What are the trends of Group 1 and 2?

Answer 27

Elements get more reactive, bigger, denser, softer and lower melting and boiling points

Question 28

Metal + Water

Answer 28

Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen

Question 29

Metal + Oxygen

Answer 29

Metal Oxide

Question 30

Metal + Acid

Answer 30

Salt + Hydrogen

Question 31

Metal + Halogen

Answer 31

Metal Halide

Question 32

Why do elements get more reactive as you move further down Groups 1 + 2?

Answer 32

It gets easier to remove the outer shell electrons

Question 33

How many covalent bonds does diamond have?

Answer 33

4 bonds

Question 34

How many covalent bonds does Graphite have?

Answer 34

3 bonds

Question 35

Cations are...?

Answer 35

Positive ions, atoms that lost electrons

Question 36

Anions are...?

Answer 36

Negative ions, atoms that have gained electrons

Question 37

Why do atoms gradually decrease in size across periods?

Answer 37

The more protons, the stronger the larger force upon the shells, pulling the, closer together

Question 38

Observations of potassium in water?

Answer 38

- floats on surface - fizzes - disappears and stops fizzing - purple lilac flame

Question 39

Trends of group 7?

Answer 39

- bigger atoms - less reactive - less soluble - increasing melting and boiling points

Question 40

2 uses of aluminium?

Answer 40

- overhead electrical wiring | - alloys for aircraft

Question 41

2 uses of copper?

Answer 41

- electrical wiring | - plumbing

Question 42

2 uses of iron?

Answer 42

- bridges | - structures

Question 43

2 uses of magnesium?

Answer 43

- flares | - high strength alloys for aircraft

Question 44

Formula of Hydrochloric Acid?

Answer 44

HCl

Question 45

Formula of Nitric Acid?

Answer 45

HNO3

Question 46

Formula of Sulphuric Acid?

Answer 46

H2SO4

Question 47

What was JJ Thomsons Plum Pudding Model?

Answer 47

Negative electrons embedded in positive sphere

Question 48

What did Chadwick discover?

Answer 48

The neutron

Question 49

What is an alloy?

Answer 49

A mixture of two elements, one of which is a metal

Question 50

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 50

A shared pair of electrons