TOPIC 24

Question 1

Veins

Answer 1

💙Vena cava cranialis

• V.azygos dextra
• V.thoracica interna
• V.costocervicalis
• V.brachiocephalica

Question 2

Vena cava cranialis

Answer 2

-Arise from the craniodorsal part of sinus venosus of right atrium.
-Corresponds to the truncus brachiocephalicus
-Runs:
Towards thoracic inlet in cranial mediastinum –> To the right of midline -> and ventral to trachea
- Drains A.intercostalis dorsalis + bronche

Question 3

V.Azygos dextra

Answer 3

-Arise from cranial vena cava, close to insertion of the pericardium.
-Arise in a cranially convex curve to thoracic vertebral collumn
-Crosses Trachea and oesophagus on their right side
Gives of:
♤V.broncho-oesophagea
♤Vv.intercostales dorsales

Question 4

V.thoracica interna

Answer 4

Rise at levelof 1st and 2nd intercostal space
Sinistra and dextra by common stem in ca
Branches:
♤Vv.intercostales ventrales
♤Vv.perforates-goes through deep pect.muscles
- rr.sternali
- rr.mammari
♤Vv.mediastinales
♤Vv.tymici (young animals)
♤V.pericardiophrenica - Devides when reaches diaphragm.
- V.musculophrenica : Along the diaphragm dors
- V.epigasrrica cran
- V.epigastrica cranialis superficialis: ventral outside abd cavity.Rr.mammari, anastom.v.epigastrica caudalis superficialis

Question 5

V.costocervicalis

Answer 5

Dextra - from Cranial vena cava
Sinistra - from V.brachiocephalica
Branches:
- V. vertebralis
- V. cervicalis profunda
- V. scapularia dorsalis
- V. intercostalis suprema
- V. intercostalis I (ca), II (su)

Question 6

V. brachiocephalica

Answer 6

Dextra et sinistra, two terminating branches of vena cava cranialis.
Each devides into:
a.v. subclavia
a.v. jugularis externa
● V. subclavia sinistra et dextra
Arises from division of brachiocephalic
Continuation: V.axilaris - forelimb
● V.jugularis externasinistra et dextra
- V.cephalica sinistta et dextra
Superficial vein to the forelimb
- V.cervicalis superficialis