TOPIC 3

Question 1

refer to a number of medical interventions intended to restore or enhance blood circulation in the arteries compromised by conditions like atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other vascular pathologies.

Answer 1

ARTERIAL INTERVENTIONS

Question 2

arterial interventions can be broadly classified into two general categories:

Answer 2

• endovascular (minimally invasive) interventions
• open surgical methods

Question 3

deposit of fats, cholesterol and other material in and on the walls of arteries. The deposit is known as ____

Answer 3

artherosclerosis
plaque

Question 4

• can narrow the arteries, and it can cause blockage in blood flow
• rupture and form a blood clot

Answer 4

plaque

Question 5

widespread circulatory disorder in which narrowed arteries decrease blood flow to the limbs, usually the legs. It is mainly brought about by atherosclerosis, a process where fatty plaques accumulate in the walls of the arteries, resulting in decreased blood flow

Answer 5

PAD (peripheral artery disease)

Question 6

It is actually a serious health issue that plagues millions of Americans, with estimates indicating that about _____people have the disease.
The condition is more prevalent with age, especially affecting as many as ____ of individuals aged 60 years and above. This age category is especially at risk because of the cumulative impact of atherosclerosis and other comorbid conditions that usually come with aging, including diabetes and hypertension.

Answer 6

8.5 million
20%

Question 7

ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS:

Answer 7

1. Angioplasty
2. Stenting
3. Atherectomy
4. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)
5. Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty (PTA)
6. Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT)

Question 8

catheter with a tiny balloon at the tip is inserted into the constricted area of the artery. After positioning, the balloon is inflated to expand the artery and improve blood flow.
Indications: Treated to cause widening of narrowing in peripheral arteries, coronary arteries, and carotid arteries.

Answer 8

angioplasty

Question 9

can be inserted into the artery to keep it open and restrict renarrowing

Answer 9

stenting

Question 10

stent types

Answer 10

baremetal stents
drug eluting stents

Question 11

entails removal of the plaque from the artery with a catheter bearing a special tip

Answer 11

atherectomy

Question 12

technique that employs a rotating and debriding device from the wall of an artery. A catheter with a blade is propelled to the obstruction site, cutting and debriding plaque under control.

Answer 12

Directional Atherectomy

Question 13

uses a rotating burr that spins at high speed to grind off plaque from the artery. The burr can successfully treat calcified lesions by breaking them down into micro-particles, which are then flushed out by blood flow

Answer 13

Rotational Atherectomy

Question 14

less invasive procedure to replace a diseased aortic valve via a catheter, commonly employed in patients with aortic stenosis who have a high risk of open-heart surgery

Answer 14

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
(TAVR)

Question 15

type of angioplasty frequently employed in the management of vascular problems in areas outside the coronary arteries (e.g., kidneys, pelvic region, or origins of arteries)

Answer 15

Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
(PTA)

Question 16

used for treating varicose veins, this procedure uses laser energy to close off affected veins.

Answer 16

Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT)

Question 17

• real-time imaging technique that uses X-rays to visualize moving structures within the body
• used during procedures such as angioplasty and stenting to guide catheters and devices to the site of the blockage or lesion.
• live visualization of catheter placement and balloon inflation

Answer 17

fluroscopy