TOPIC 5 Flashcards
treatment for hemorrhage (54 cards)
- refers to an acute blood loss from an injured blood vessel.
- may also be massive, resulting in a more vague presentation of symptoms, including unstable vital signs and changing mental status.
- may be external or internal.
hemorrhage
comes from a traumatic wound or a body orifice
external bleeding
takes a very high degree of clinical suspicion in obtaining a proper history and physical, laboratory values, imaging, and careful surveillance of vital signs
internal bleeding
etiology for leading potentially preventable death, particularly in acute trauma patients
Hemorrhage
TYPES OF EXTERNAL BLEEDING
- Arterial Bleeding
- Venous Bleeding
- Capillary Bleeding
- Blood is bright red and spurts out rhythmically with each heartbeat. This type of bleeding occurs when an artery is cut or damaged. (Fast and profuse bleeding.) High pressure, making it more difficult to control than other types.
Arterial Bleeding
blood is darker red and flows steadily from a vein. This occurs when a vein is cut or damaged. (Slower and more steady flow of blood compared to arterial bleeding.) Easier to control than arterial bleeding but can still be serious.
Venous Bleeding
Blood oozes from small capillaries. This type of bleeding typically occurs with superficial cuts or abrasions. Usually a slow and steady ooze rather than a rapid flow. Often resolves quickly with minor first aid measures, like applying pressure.
Capillary Bleeding
TYPES OF INTERNAL BLEEDING
- Intracranial Bleeding
- Pleural Cavity Bleeding
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding
type of bleeding that occurs when a blood vessel inside the skull or cranium ruptures. It can occur due to high blood pressure that has been ongoing for a long time, there by weakening the casualty’s arterial walls
Intracranial Bleeding
area surrounding a human’s lungs. affects transfer of carbon dioxide and oxygen between blood and lungs
Pleural Cavity Bleeding
blood loss from the organs in one’s digestive system
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
- outward bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon, caused by a localized, abnormal, weak spot on a blood vessel wall.
- hereditary condition or an acquired disease.
- can also be a nidus (starting point) for clot formation (thrombosis) and embolization.
aneurysm
CAUSES OF BLEEDING
surgical complications
medical conditions
medications
- Any type of surgical intervention can be caused by bleeding resulting from improper hemostasis, failure of ligation of a vessel, or vessel disruption.
Postoperative Hemorrhage
- Bleeding that seeps outside blood vessels, generally in one part of the body. Hematomas are likely to occur as a result of trauma or surgery, particularly if large vessels were involved.
Hematoma Formation
- Operations such as liver resection or transplantation may result in excessive bleeding because of the highly vascular nature of the liver
Liver Surgery
CABG or valve replacement may lead to sternal wound or mediastinal drain bleeding.
Cardiac Surgery
Hysterectomy or cesarean section may lead to bleeding in case of unintentional injury to uterine or ovarian arteries.
Gynecologic Surgeries
Blunt or penetrating abdominal injuries may result in bleeding from the liver, spleen, or other solid organs.
Trauma Surgery
Any operation on arteries and veins, including vascular grafting or angioplasty, risks bleeding from vessel damage or graft failure.
Vascular Surgeries
Percutaneous procedures may cause bleeding, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, when inadvertently blood vessels are damaged.
Endoscopy and Biopsy
Disorders of blood clotting can be inherited (e.g., hemophilia) or acquired (e.g., liver disease, vitamin K deficiency). Individuals with these conditions may have increased bleeding susceptibility
Coagulopathy
Conditions like cirrhosis impair the liver’s ability to produce clotting factors, leading to increased bleeding risk.
Liver Disease
