TOPIC 6

Question 1

Techniques such as Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) and Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) are used to obtain sperm directly from the testes or epididymis for use in assisted reproductive technologies.

Answer 1

SPERM RETRIEVAL

Question 2

TWO PROCEDURES:

Answer 2

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)
Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

Question 3

performed in cases where sperm production is impaired, such as in men with azoospermia (absence of sperm in the ejaculate) due to various conditions like genetic disorders, hormonal imbalances, or previous surgeries. A small incision is made in the scrotum, and testicular tissue is aspirated using a fine needle. The sperm is then extracted from the tissue

Answer 3

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE)

Question 4

generally indicated for men who have obstructive azoospermia, where sperm is produced but cannot exit the epididymis due to blockages (e.g.
following a vasectomy or congenital absence of the vas deferens). A needle is inserted into the epididymis, and sperm is aspirated through a syringe

Answer 4

Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA)

Question 5

surgical procedure performed as a means of male sterilization, preventing sperm from being included in the semen that is ejaculated during intercourse.
involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens, the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra.

Answer 5

VASECTOMY

Question 6

• dilated veins (varicose veins) in the pampiniform plexus, a network of veins in the scrotum.
• similar to varicose veins that occur in the legs and can affect sperm production and testicular function. common cause of male infertility, and while they may be asymptomatic in some individuals, treatment may be necessary if they are causing pain, discomfort, or fertility issues

Answer 6

SCROTAL VARICOCELE

Question 7

Varicoceles affect up to ___% of males and are the most common diagnosis in infertile men.

Answer 7

15%

Question 8

aka chronic testicular pain or
chronic scrotal contents pain, is persistent pain in the scrotum with no easily identifiable cause

Answer 8

orchialgia

Question 9

laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) and surgical instruments are inserted through small incisions in the abdomen to perform the surgery. This approach often results in less postoperative pain and quicker recovery compared to open surgery.

Answer 9

Laparoscopic Varicocelectomy

Question 10

• minimally invasive procedure, a radiologist inserts a catheter into a vein in the groin or neck, guides it to the affected veins, and injects small agents (such as coils or sclerosants) to block the flow of blood
• preserves a shorter recovery time and can be especially useful when surgery is not preferred

Answer 10

Percutaneous Embolization

Question 11

• non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the womb (uterus). The growths are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue, and vary in size.
• known as uterine myomas or leiomyomas.

Answer 11

fibroid

Question 12

• minimally invasive procedure designed to treat uterine fibroids
• recommended for women experiencing significant symptoms due to fibroids, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, or pressure symptoms

Answer 12

FIBROID EMBOLIZATION

Question 13

• surgical procedure aimed at removing uterine fibroids
• recommended for women who wish to preserve their fertility, as it allows for the removal of fibroids while keeping the uterus intact.

Answer 13

MYOMECTOMY