TOPIC 3: Plant Nutrition & Transportation

Question 1

UNIT 6: Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis

Answer 1

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Question 2

Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy (ATP)

Question 3

Types Of Nutrition

Answer 3

A nutrient is a substance which is needed for growth,repair and metabolism

Question 4

Animals & Fungi

Answer 4

Heterotrophs

Question 5

Heterotrophs

Answer 5

1. Must consume other organism for energy and nutrients.
2. Cannot produce own food.

Question 6

Green Plants

Answer 6

Autotrophs

Question 7

Autotrophs

Answer 7

Makes own nutrient

Question 8

Parts in the leaf: Waxy Layer

Answer 8

Prevents cells from drying out

Question 9

Upper Epidermis

Answer 9

Protects cells inside the leaf

Question 10

Palisade Layer

Answer 10

Photosynthesis

Question 11

Spongy Layer

Answer 11

Some photosynthesis and gas exchange

Question 12

Stoma

Answer 12

Allow carbon dioxide exchange

Question 13

Vascular Bundle

Answer 13

A group of tubes in a plant that transport water, minerals, and food. It contains xylem (for water) and phloem (for food).

Question 14

Lower Epidermis

Answer 14

Protects the cells inside the leaf

Question 15

Xylem

Answer 15

Water and minerals (Also provides support for plants)

Question 16

Phloem

Answer 16

Sucrose and Amino acids

Question 17

Uses of Glucose

Answer 17

For energy
Glucose is transported as sucrose
Glucose stored as starch

Question 18

Chlorophyll

Answer 18

Chlorophyll is the green stuff in plants that helps them make food from sunlight.

Question 19

Chloroplast

Answer 19

A chloroplast is a tiny part inside a plant cell where chlorophyll lives.

Question 20

Storage

Answer 20

Plants need glucose for energy.

At night, no sunlight = no photosynthesis.

So, they store glucose as starch.

Starch – safe to store in roots, stems, and leaves.

Fats and oils – stored in seeds (like sunflower seeds or nuts).

Question 21

Use?

Answer 21

Some is used for respiration – to give energy.

Some is used to make cellulose – to build strong cell walls.

Some is used to make proteins – to help the plant grow.

Question 22

Mineral ions

Answer 22

Magnesium and Nitrate

Question 23

Needed for? (MAGNESIUM)

Answer 23

Making chlorophyll

Question 24

Needed for? (NITRATE)

Answer 24

Making amino acids

Question 25

EFFECT OF DEFECIENCY (MAGNESIUM)

Answer 25

Leaves turn yellow

Question 26

EFFECT OF DEFECIENCY (NITRATE)

Answer 26

Stunted Growth

Question 27

3 Main Limiting Factors

Answer 27

Light – No light = no photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) – Plants need it to make food. Temperature – If it’s too cold or too hot, photosynthesis is slower.

Question 28

4 Points Growing crops in Glasshouse

Answer 28

1. Glasshouses keep plants warm – even when it's cold outside. 2. They let in sunlight – so plants can do photosynthesis. 3. Farmers can control things – like: - Temperature - Light - Carbon dioxide - Water 4. This helps plants grow faster and bigger!

Question 29

UNIT 8: Xylem

Answer 29

Xylem is a type of transport tissue in plants.

Question 30

What does Xylem do?

Answer 30

Carries water from the roots to the leaves. Also carries minerals that the plant needs. Helps support the plant – like tiny water pipes.

Question 31

When will a plant start to wilt?

Answer 31

1. Not enough water in the soil (e.g., during a drought). 2. Too much water lost through transpiration (hot, dry, or windy weather). 3. Damaged roots – can't absorb enough water. 4. Disease or salt in the soil – affects water uptake.

Question 32

Phloem

Answer 32

Phloem is the plant tissue that transports food (like sugars) made in the leaves to other parts of the plant. Made of living cells

Question 33

What does Phloem do?

Answer 33

1. Phloem moves food (like sugar) from the leaves to the rest of the plant. 2. It sends food to roots, stems, and growing parts. 3. It works both up and down the plant.

Question 34

Difference between Xylem and Phloem?

Answer 34

Xylem: Water and minerals, dead cells, no sieve plate. Phloem: Sucrose and Amino acids, living cells, two way flow, sieve plate present

Question 35

Water Uptake

Answer 35

Water uptake is how a plant takes in water from the soil through its roots.

Question 36

Transpiration

Answer 36

Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from the leaves of a plant through tiny holes called stomata.

Question 37

5 Factors that affect Transpiration

Answer 37

1. Wind speed 2. Humidity 3. Light Intensity 4. Temperature 5. Water Supply

Question 38

Light: Description

Answer 38

In bright light transpiration increases

Question 39

Temperature: Description

Answer 39

Transpiration is faster in higher temperatures

Question 40

Wind: Description

Answer 40

Transpiration is faster in windy conditions

Question 41

Humidity: Description

Answer 41

Transpiration is slower in humid conditions

Question 42

Water potential gradient

Answer 42

Water moves from high to low water potential. Soil → root → stem → leaf → air. Helps water flow through the plant.

Question 43

Transpiration Stream

Answer 43

1. Water enters roots by osmosis. 2. Travels up the xylem. 3. Reaches leaves and evaporates through stomata. 4. Keeps water moving – like a continuous stream. 4. Helps cool the plant and carry minerals.

Question 44

Capillary Action

Answer 44

Cohesion + adhesion = capillary action

Question 45

Cohesion

Answer 45

Cohesion means water molecules stick to each other

Question 46

Adhesion

Answer 46

Adhesion means water sticks to other surfaces, like the walls of xylem vessels.

Question 47

How plants have adapted for water uptake?

Answer 47

1. Root hair cells- High surface area 2. Hollow narrow xylem- Easy pathway for water flow 3. Many air spaces- Increases rate of evaporation 4. Stomata- Opens to allow transpiration

Question 48

Potometer

Answer 48

A potometer is a device used to measure the rate of transpiration in a plant. Potometer tracks water loss – bubble moves, you measure how fast!

Question 49

Translocation

Answer 49

Translocation is the movement of food (mainly sugars like sucrose) in a plant.

Question 50

KEY TERMS: Translocation

Answer 50

Source = where food is made (e.g. leaves) Sink = where food is needed or stored (e.g. roots, fruits)

Question 51

UNIT 14: Tropism

Answer 51

Growth in response to a stimulus

Question 52

Positive Tropism

Answer 52

Plant grows towards the stimulus

Question 53

Negative Tropism

Answer 53

Plant grows away from the stimulus

Question 54

Phototropism

Answer 54

Response to light

Question 55

Geotropism

Answer 55

How a plant responds to gravity.

Question 56

Advantage Positive Phototropism

Answer 56

To get maximum light for photosynthesis

Question 57

Advantage Negative Advantage

Answer 57

Less chance of drying out

Question 58

Advantage Positive Geotropisim

Answer 58

More chance of finding moisture

Question 59

Advantage Negative Geotropism

Answer 59

More chance of finding light

Question 60

Plant Hormone: Auxine (3 points)

Answer 60

1. Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth. 2. It is made in the tips of shoots and roots. 3. Auxin causes cells to grow longer (called cell elongation).

Question 61

Auxins in Gravitropism (IN SHOOTS)

Answer 61

Auxins gather on the lower side. Auxin makes cells grow faster on the lower side. So, the shoot bends upwards (👉 negative gravitropism).

Question 62

Auxins in Gravitropism (IN ROOTS)

Answer 62

1. Auxins also gather on the lower side. 2. But in roots, high auxin slows growth. 3. So, the upper side grows faster → root bends downwards (👉 positive gravitropism).