TOPIC 7: Classification Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is a species?
A species is a group of organisms that share the same features and can breed together to produce fertile offspring
Why is classification important?
It helps us organize and understand the diversity of life and shows how living things are related
What do all cells have?
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA
Ribosomes (make proteins)
Enzymes (help respiration)
How can we classify organisms?
By DNA sequences
By amino acid sequences in proteins
Using the Linnaeus classification system
What is the Linnaeus classification system?
A system that groups organisms into categories like kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
What is the Kingdom level in classification?
The Kingdom is the largest and broadest group. It separates living things into big groups like animals, plants, fungi, etc.
🟢 Example: Humans belong to the Animal Kingdom (Animalia)
What is the Phylum level?
Phylum groups organisms based on their body structure or features.
🟢 Example: All animals with a backbone (like humans, birds, and fish) are in Phylum Chordata.
What is the Class level?
Class groups organisms that are more similar within a phylum.
🟢 Example: Mammals (like humans, dogs, and whales) belong to the class Mammalia.
What is the Order level?
Order breaks classes into smaller groups of closely related organisms.
🟢 Example: Humans belong to the order Primates, which includes monkeys and apes.
What is the Family level?
Family is a more specific group within an order.
🟢 Example: Humans belong to the Hominidae family (great apes like gorillas and chimpanzees).
What is the Genus level?
Genus includes species that are very closely related.
🟢 Example: Humans belong to the Homo genus (like Homo erectus and Homo sapiens).
What is the Species level?
Species is the most specific level. Organisms in the same species can breed and produce fertile offspring.
🟢 Example: Humans are Homo sapiens.
What is an arthropod?
An animal with jointed legs and an exoskeleton. Examples: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, myriapods.
Name the 4 main classes of arthropods.
Insects
Crustaceans
Arachnids
Myriapods
What is the difference between monocot and dicot plants?
Monocot: 1 seed leaf, scattered veins, parallel leaf veins
Dicot: 2 seed leaves, veins in a ring, net-like leaf veins
What is the position of xylem and phloem in plants?
They are located differently in roots, stems, and leaves to support and transport water and nutrients
What is a dichotomous key?
A tool that helps identify organisms using a series of yes/no or either/or choices based on traits.
How do scientists use DNA in classification?
Closely related species have fewer DNA differences and branch closer together on a phylogenetic tree
Binomial Names
- Must be italicized
- Must be underlines
- Example: Homo sapiens
Kingdom: Animalia
- Multicellular
- Eat other organisms (heterotrophs)
- No chlorophyll
- No cell walls
- Have a nucleus
Kingdom: Plantae
- Multicellular
- Make their own food using sunlight (autotrophs with chlorophyll)
- Have cell walls made of cellulose
- Have a nucleus
Kingdom: Fungi
- Multicellular
- Absorb food from dead matter (saprophytic)
- No chlorophyll
- Cell walls not made of cellulose
- Have a nucleus
Kingdom: Protoctista
- Mostly unicellular (some multicellular)
- Have a nucleus
- Complex cell structure
Kingdom: Prokaryotae
- Unicellular
- No nucleus
- Simple cell structure
