Topic 4 - Extracting Metals and Equilibria

Question 1

Metals reactivity can be determined by their reactions with

Answer 1

Acids, water, salt solution

Question 2

A metal is more reactive if

Answer 2

It loses its outer elctrons easier

Question 3

Metals reaction with acids

Answer 3

They fizz, and the more reactive metals fizz more vigorously and the reaction goes faster. Hydrogen is the gas formed. The amount of hydrogen can be tested usign the burning splint test, so the loudy the squeaky pop the more hydrogen.

Question 4

Metals reaction with water

Answer 4

Metal+water –> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 5

Meatls that react vigorously with water

Answer 5

Very reactive metals like potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium

Question 6

Meatls that dont react with water but react with steam

Answer 6

Less reactive metals like magnesium, zinc and iron

Question 7

Metal that doesnt react with water or steam

Answer 7

Copper, silver, gold

Question 8

Determining the reactvity of metals using slat solutions is called

Answer 8

Displacement reactions

Question 9

Dispalcement reactiosn are

Answer 9

Redox reactions because both oxidation and reduction happen

Question 10

Oxidation is

Answer 10

The loss of electrons and the gain fo oxygen

Question 11

Reduction is

Answer 11

The gain in electrons and the loss of oxygen

Question 12

In dispalcement reactions, a metal is reacted with

Answer 12

A metal salt solution

Question 13

What occurs duirng displacement reactions

Answer 13

If the metal is more reactive than the metal in solution, it replaces it. If not then nothing happens

Question 14

In displacement reactions which metal loses and gains electrons

Answer 14

The less reactive metal gaisn electrons(reduction) and the more reactive metal loses elctrons(oxidation)

Question 15

The reactivity series ordered most to least

Answer 15

Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold

Question 16

The most reactive metals more easily become

Answer 16

Cations(positive ions) by losing electrons

Question 17

Metals found in ores are

Answer 17

More reactive so arent foudn pure

Question 18

Metals found in their pure state

Answer 18

Are less reactive so stay in their element

Question 19

A metal ore is

Answer 19

A rock that contains enough metal to make it economcially worthwile to extract

Question 20

The extraction of metal from ores involves

Answer 20

Reduction with carbon

Question 21

Reduction of carbon for ores process

Answer 21

Carbon and the ore is heated and it reacts, so that the carbon replaces the less reactive metal in the compound, leaving the metal on its own.

Question 22

It is called reduction with carbon because

Answer 22

Most ores are oxides of the metal, and reduction is the loss of oxygen

Question 23

To be extracted using carbon reduction, the metal must be

Answer 23

Below it in the reactivity series

Question 24

If a metal is more reactive than carbon it needs to be extracted by

Answer 24

Electrolysis

Question 25

2 biological methods of metal extractiopn

Answer 25

Bioleaching and Phytoextraction

Question 26

Bioleaching process

Answer 26

bacteria to extract. The bacteria uses energy that is holding the bonds together, so the metal is seperated. The solution formed called leachate contains metal ions that can be extracted using electrolysis and dispalcement

Question 27

Phytoextraction process

Answer 27

Growing plants in soil that contains metal compounds. The metal is absorbed but not used, so builds up in the leaves. The plants are then burned to leave just the metal.

Question 28

The more resistant a metal is to oxidation,

Answer 28

The lower it is in the reactivity series

Question 29

Recycling metals advantages

Answer 29

Conserves resources and energy Protects the environment Economic benefits

Question 30

Life-cycle assessments show

Answer 30

Total environmental costs of each stage of a products life

Question 31

Stages of product life analysed during lifecycle assessments

Answer 31

Choice of material Manufacture Product use Disposal

Question 32

A reversible reaction is

Answer 32

When products can form reactants and reactants can form products, so the reaction goes both ways

Question 33

As reversible reactions occur

Answer 33

The forwards and backwards reactions eventually reach the same rate so it is in equilibrium

Question 34

Dynamic equilibrium is

Answer 34

When the forward and bacward reaction are happening at the same time and the same rate. The reactants and products concentrations isnt changing

Question 35

Dynamic equilibrium can only be reached if the reaction is in

Answer 35

A closed system

Question 36

Conditions that can change the position of the equilibrium

Answer 36

Temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants and products

Question 37

The haber process is a

Answer 37

Reverisble reaction

Question 38

What is the haber procees reaction

Answer 38

N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3

Question 39

Nitrogen for the haber process is from

Answer 39

The air

Question 40

Hydrogen for the haber process is from

Answer 40

Hydrocarbons from natural gas and crude oil

Question 41

The conditions used for the haber process

Answer 41

Temperature 450* Pressure 200 atmospheres Iron catalyst

Question 42

Le chataliers principle states

Answer 42

When the conditions are chnaged in a reversible reaction, the equilibrium moves position to minimise the changes made

Question 43

If temperature is decreased in a reversible reaction

Answer 43

The equilibrium moves in the exothermic direction because it wants to decrease the temp by giving more off

Question 44

If temperature is increased in a reversible reaction

Answer 44

The equilibrium moves in the endothermic direction because its wants to absorb the extra heat

Question 45

If pressure is increased in a reversible reaction

Answer 45

The equilibrium moves to the side with fewer moles of gas to reduce pressure

Question 46

If pressure is decreased in a reversible reaction

Answer 46

The equilibrium moves to the side with more moles of gas to increase pressure

Question 47

If concentration of reactants is increased in a reversible reaction

Answer 47

The equilibrium will move right to use up the reactants. Vice versa for decreasign conc of reactants

Question 48

If concentration of products is increased in a reversible reaction

Answer 48

The equilibrium will move left to use up the products. Vice vers for decreasing conc of products

Question 49

To increase yield in a reversible reaction

Answer 49

The equilibrium needs to move right