Topic 5 - Separate Chemistry 1

Question 1

Transition metals are the metals in

Answer 1

The middle of the periodic table, most of the metals

Question 2

Transition metals properties

Answer 2

Hard, strong, shiny and malleable
Good heat and electricity conductors
High melting point
High density
They form coloured compounds
Good catalysts(such as iron for the haber process)

Question 3

The oxidation of metals results in

Answer 3

Corrosion

Question 4

Rusting of iron is a

Answer 4

Redox reaction

Question 5

Metals corrode in the presence of

Answer 5

Oxygen and water to form their metal oxides

Question 6

Rusting is

Answer 6

the corrosion of iron

Question 7

Ways to prevent rusting

Answer 7

Exclusion of oxygen
Exclusion of water
Sacrificial protection

Question 8

Sacrificial protection is when

Answer 8

Another mroe reactive metal is put with the iron, so that this reacts with the oxygen and water rather than the iron

Question 9

Electroplating is

Answer 9

Using electrolysis to coat teh surface of a metal with another metal

Question 10

Electroplating is used to

Answer 10

Improve the appearance of a metal
Protect against corrosion

Question 11

Alloys are

Answer 11

Metals combined with another metal or non-metal

Question 12

Pure metals are malleabel because

Answer 12

they have a regular arrangement of atoms so the layers can slide over eachother

Question 13

Alloys are stronger than pure metals because

Answer 13

The atoms are different sizes, so the arrangement becomes random. This means the layers cant slide

Question 14

Iron is alloyed with carbon

Answer 14

steels`

Question 15

Steels are

Answer 15

Stronger and less corrosive than iron

Question 16

Gold alloys are used for

Answer 16

Jewllery because it is stronger than pure gold

Question 17

Aluminium alloys are used for

Answer 17

Making aircraft because it is light and strong

Question 18

Copper+tin=

Answer 18

Bronze which is harder than copper

Question 19

Copper+zinc=

Answer 19

Brass which is more malleabel than bronze

Question 20

Magnalium=

Answer 20

Aluminium+Magnesium

Question 21

Magnalium with low magnesium is

Answer 21

Strong, light and resistant to corrosion

Question 22

Magnalium with high magnsium content is

Answer 22

More stable than pure magnesium but still reactive enough to make fireworks

Question 23

Concentration is measured in

Answer 23

mol dm-3 or g dm-3

Question 24

Concentration(mol dm-3) =

Answer 24

Number of moles / Volume of solution(dm3)

Question 25

To convert mol dm-3 to g dm-3

Answer 25

Mulitply it by the relative formula mass of the solute

Question 26

To convert g dm-3 to mol dm-3

Answer 26

Divide it by relative formula mass

Question 27

Titrations are used to

Answer 27

Find out exactly how much acid is needed to neutralise a given quantity of alkali(or vice versa)

Question 28

titration steps

Answer 28

Use pipette to measure set volume of alkali into flask Add a few drops of phenolphthaline indicator Fill a biurette with a known concentration of acid Slowly open biurette into flask until there is a colour change from pink to clear Record amount of acid used to neutralise Use this to calculate conc.

Question 29

Percentage yield compares

Answer 29

the amount of product you should get vs how much product you actually get

Question 30

Percentage yield =

Answer 30

Actual yield/ Theoretical yield x100

Question 31

Percentage yield isnt 100% because of

Answer 31

Incomplete reactions Practical losses Unwanted reactions

Question 32

Atom economy is

Answer 32

The % of reactants chnaged to useful products

Question 33

Atom economy =

Answer 33

Total Mr of desired products / Total Mr of all products x100

Question 34

Factors considered when doing chemical reactions in industry

Answer 34

Atom economy Percentage yield Rate of reaction Equilibrium position

Question 35

Molar volume is

Answer 35

the volume occupied by one mole of gas

Question 36

Molar volume(dm3 mol-1) =

Answer 36

Gas volume / Number of moles

Question 37

Avogadoros law states (gases)

Answer 37

Under the same conditions, the same number of moles of different gases occupy the same volume

Question 38

One mole of any gas always occupies

Answer 38

24dm3 at room temperature and pressure(20*C and 1 atmsophere)

Question 39

Volume of gas(dm3) =

Answer 39

Moles x 24

Question 40

The haber process is

Answer 40

a reversible reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia

Question 41

Change in temp on equilibrium

Answer 41

Decrease - Move in exothermic direction Increase - Move in endothermic direction

Question 42

Chnage in pressure on equilibrium

Answer 42

Decrease - Move towards side with more moles of gas Increase - Towards side with less moles of gas

Question 43

Change in concentration on equilibrium

Answer 43

Increase reactants - Equilibrium moves right Increase products - Equilibrium move left And vice versa

Question 44

Catalyst on equilibrium

Answer 44

Increases the speed that a reaction reaches equilibrium

Question 45

Haber process industrial factors considered

Answer 45

The cost of materials Energy costs Changing conditions to produce a good yield in a good time

Question 46

3 main elements of fertilisers

Answer 46

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

Question 47

Fertilisers contain NPK to

Answer 47

Provide these elements to the soil so that plants are rich in them. Then the plants will gorw better and die less

Question 48

Ammonia fertilisers are made by

Answer 48

Reacting ammonia with nitric acid to produce a nitrogen-containing salt.

Question 49

Different methods of preparing ammonium sulfate

Answer 49

Laboratory preparation Industrial production

Question 50

Laboratory preparation of ammonium sulfate

Answer 50

Use ammonia and dilute sulfuric acid in a titration

Question 51

Industrial production of ammonium sulfate

Answer 51

No titration because it takes too long Ammonia from haber process Large scale

Question 52

Fuel cells use

Answer 52

Fuel and oxygen to produce electrical energy

Question 53

Chemical cells produce a

Answer 53

Voltage across the cell until one reactant has been used up

Question 54

Hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells use

Answer 54

Hydrogen as a fuel. The reaction of hydrogen and oxygen releases energy. The only product is water

Question 55

Advantages of fuel cells

Answer 55

Efficient Electricity produced directly from the reaction No energy lost through friction No pollutants produced

Question 56

Disadvantages of fuel cells

Answer 56

Hydrogen gas takes up lots of space Very explosive Hydrogen is often made using electricity from fossil fuels