Topic 6

Question 1

what are symbols

Answer 1

marks on a page and works with how we make choices

represent elements of reality

visual variables

Question 2

who is bertin and his theory with semiotics

Answer 2

semiotics - study of signs - anything that represents something else

how symbols are perceived

Question 3

what are the two types of semiotics

Answer 3

variables that differentiate
variables that order

Question 4

what are the 6 basic visual variables

Answer 4

position
size
shape
orientation
pattern
colour
hue, value, saturation

Question 5

describe nominal

Answer 5

names, labels, categories with no relation between the categoriesdes

Question 6

describe ordinal

Answer 6

numbers or values that represent rank order

lesser than and greater than

Question 7

describe interval

Answer 7

additions/subtractions are meaningful, but zero is arbitrary

Question 8

describe ratio

Answer 8

zero is not arbitrary, and ratios make sense

Question 9

describe cyclic as a measurement level

Answer 9

wind direction, phenology

Question 10

what do colour suggest

Answer 10

things or meanings that are easily recognizabe if done correctly

Question 11

what does size differentiating work good for

Answer 11

points and lines (quantitative differences)

Question 12

what type of map is good for perspective height

Answer 12

choropleth maps

Question 13

most important factor for a point (its default)

Answer 13

shape

Question 14

best symbolization for nominal data

Answer 14

hue, shape

Question 15

best symbolization for interval/ratio data

Answer 15

size

Question 16

what are the characteristics a visual variable can possess (5)

Answer 16

selective
associative
quantitative
order
length/resolution

Question 17

describe selective ability

Answer 17

select between things

Question 18

describe associative ability

Answer 18

helps see features as a group or separate

Question 19

describe quantitative

Answer 19

variable that can indicate the values between things

Question 20

describe order

Answer 20

some values are good at being set in order

Question 21

describe length/resolution

Answer 21

how many levels of the varirable can you detect (ex. line thickness)

Question 22

what is saturation

Answer 22

how pure a colour is
amount of grey in the colour
high saturation = little grey

Question 23

what is the best selective visual variable

Answer 23

colour

Question 24

characteristics of size

Answer 24

selective - yes
associative - yes
quantitative - no
order - yes
length - yes
theoretically infinite but realistically between 5 and 20

Question 25

characteristics of shape

Answer 25

selective - meh associative - meh quantitative - order - length - yes (infinite but realistic ***)

Question 26

characteristice of orientation

Answer 26

selective - yes associative - yes quantitative - order - length - yes (infinite but realistic ***)

Question 27

characteristics of value

Answer 27

selective - yes associative - yes quantitative - order - yes length - yes

Question 28

characteristice of colour

Answer 28

selective - yes associative - yes quantitative - order - length - yes

Question 29

characteristics of texture

Answer 29

selective - yes associative - yes quantitative - order - length - yes

Question 30

patterns and visual representation

Answer 30

artistic component arrangement matters texture matters ex. shrubland, orchard, vineyard

Question 31

what is the basis for quantitative maps

Answer 31

order

Question 32

graduate symbols > proportional symbols T/F?

Answer 32

True!

Question 33

what are dynamic variables

Answer 33

used for visually impaired for animated and interactive maps ex. moving mouse around -> when it gets close to something it makes a sound or trigger

Question 34

is dynamic variables and sound variables generally better for nominal or ordinal data

Answer 34

ordinal

Question 35

haptic variables

Answer 35

used by visually impaired 3 kinds tactile kinesthetic visual analog

Question 36

describe tactile as a haptic variable

Answer 36

ex. vibration, flutter, pressure, temperature used only with ordinal data

Question 37

describe kinesthetic as a haptic variable

Answer 37

ex. resistence, friction, location used only with ordinal data

Question 38

describe visual analog as a haptic variable

Answer 38

size, elevation, shape, texture, grain, orientation can be used for both nominal and ordinal data

Question 39

what is pre attentative processing

Answer 39

visual properties noticed before attention (pre - attention) detects faster than the brain can think about what it is you are seeing

Question 40

characteristics of pre attentative processing

Answer 40

less than 250ms colour and shape are the primary objects colour (hue) is probably the best doesnt matter how many "distractors" there are ti will still work

Question 41

what are the fundamentals of inattentional and change blindness

Answer 41

seen but ignored become blind of other stuff not related to not paying attention!!! people are not expecting something to be in that context hard to see something that you arent expecting

Question 42

what is inattentional blindness

Answer 42

failure to notice things right infront of you

Question 43

what is change blindness

Answer 43

things that have changed that wasnt being focused on people dont always see what you may think is obvious

Question 44

why is text and labelling important

Answer 44

convey hierarchy show nominal differences (between categories) text orientation and embellishments

Question 45

what is sans serif font used for

Answer 45

human made (no extra thingy)

Question 46

what is serif font used for

Answer 46

natural phenomena ex. times new romans is the default font for lakes has the thingy

Question 47

what are font guidelines for sizing

Answer 47

minimum pt size of 2pt for visual hierarchy there needs to be a pt size difference of ATLEAST 2pt

Question 48

what is the importance for interpretation and gestalt

Answer 48

see a holistic grouping make and interpretation interpret and group (two aspects of gestalt)

Question 49

elements of graphic/image interpretation (8)

Answer 49

shape size pattern tone/hue texture shadows site association

Question 50

what are the two aspects of gestalt

Answer 50

grouping interpretation

Question 51

essential elements for layouts

Answer 51

contrast visual hierarchy figure ground balance