Topic Test T1 Wk 11 (respiratory & ciruclatory systems)

Question 1

Function of Blood in Circulatory System

Answer 1

• transport oxygen and nutrients to cells
• transport carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
• protecting against disease
• maintaining ph of body fluids
• clotting when vessels are damaged

Question 2

Components of Blood

Answer 2

Red Blood Cells- Erythrocytes
White Blood Cells- Leucocytes
Plasma
Platelets

Question 3

Respiratory System Structure

Answer 3

Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Diaphragm 
Intercostal muscles 
Ribs
Alveoli

Question 4

Movement of breathing in and out of lungs is…

Answer 4

Ventilation (breathing)

Question 5

Inspiration

Answer 5

• process of taking air into the lungs
• pressure of lungs is less than the atmosphere pressure
• diaphragm contracts
• external intercostal muscles contract extending the rib cage up and outwards

Question 6

Expiration

Answer 6

• process of breathing out of lungs
• pressure of lungs is higher than atmosphere pressure
• diaphragm relaxes
• internal intercostal muscles contract moving rib cage down and in wards

Question 7

Gas Exchange

Answer 7

• blood receive O2 from air and allow CO2 to leave body

- Blood with CO2 diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

Question 8

Alveoli allow efficient gas exchange ?

Answer 8

• have large SA
• have capillaries nearby
• one cell thick
• deep in body

Question 9

Structure of Heart

Answer 9

Superior Vena Cava
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle 
Inferior Vena Cava
Aorta
Left Ventricle
Left Atrium
Pulmonary Veins
Pulmonary Artery

Question 10

What is a double pump?

Answer 10

Right side pumps to lungs

Left side pumps to body

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

Carry Blood away from heart
Smooth muscles and elastic fibres
Have no valves
Have blood pressure that increases as ventricles contract and vice versa

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

Carry blood towards heart
Have low blood pressure
Have thin, inelastic walls
Have valves to prevent back flow

Question 13

Arterioles

Answer 13

Small arteries
Supply blood to capillaries
Smooth muscle walls

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Carry blood between cells
Once cell thick
Involved in gaseous exchange

Question 15

Lymphatic System

Answer 15

Consists of organs, ducts and nodes 
Transport lymph (watery fluid)

Question 16

Lymph

Answer 16

Collects and returns interstitial fluid
Defends body from disease by transporting lymphocytes
Absorb lipids from the intestine and transport them to the blood

Question 17

Lymph nodes

Answer 17

Located along lymph vessels
Filters lymph fluid
Contains lymphocytes to help fight infections
Found in clumps

Question 18

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

Answer 18

Transport gases
Biconcave discs
No nucleus
120 life span 
Contain haemoglobin

Question 19

Leucocytes (white blood cells)

Answer 19

Protect body against invasive organisms and tumour cells

Question 20

Thrombocytes (platelets)

Answer 20

Used in clotting

Question 21

White blood cell types

Answer 21

Neutrophil
Basophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte

Question 22

Blood Features

Answer 22

380 degrees Celsius 
pH 7.35-7.45
Salinity 0.9%
Total Body Weight- 8%
Volume 4-6L

Question 23

Blood Group A

Answer 23

Antigen A

Anti-B

Question 24

Blood Group B

Answer 24

Antigen B

Anti- A

Question 25

Blood Group AB

Answer 25

Antigen A and Antigen B | No Antibody

Question 26

Blood Group O

Answer 26

No antigens | Both anti-a and anti-b

Question 27

Rh blood groups

Answer 27

Based on the antigen found on the surface of red blood cells A person with Rh antigen is called Rh positive A person without the Rh antigen is called Rh negative Only negative can produce anti body Rh

Question 28

Red cell Concentrates

Answer 28

Blood is put through centrifuge so heavy cells sink and plasma stays on top

Question 29

Whole Blood

Answer 29

Blood from a donor with a chemical added to prevent clotting

Question 30

Plasma

Answer 30

Liquid part of blood, for severe bleeding, liver disease or help with clotting

Question 31

Platelet Concentrates

Answer 31

For those with reduced levels

Question 32

Cryoprecipitate

Answer 32

Freeze plasma then thaw it slowly so it remains solid and contains substances for clotting

Question 33

Immunoglobins

Answer 33

Antibody proteins used for people with reduced antibody levels for particular diseases

Question 34

Autologous Transfusion

Answer 34

Your own blood prior to an operation

Question 35

Signs of inflammation

Answer 35

Heat, Pain, Redness and Swelling

Question 36

Inflammatory Response

Answer 36

Dilation of blood vessels in the affected area | Increased permeability of the capillaries, allowing plasma to leak into surrounding tissue

Question 37

Chemotaxis

Answer 37

Phagocytes are attracted to the affected area

Question 38

Blood Clotting

Answer 38

1. Damage to blood vessels 2. Vasoconstriction to reduce blood flow 3. Thrombocytes attach to wound 4. Clotting commences, formation of fibrinogen 5. Clot retraction to form scab 6. Clot breakdown