Topic Test T1 Wk 6 (cells)

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Allows salutes to move between the cell and the external environment

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Storage centre of cells DNA and manages cell functions

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Surrounds the organelles contains nutrients

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 5

Moves proteins within the cell, covered in ribosomes

Question 6

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Moves lipids around the cell, not covered in ribosomes

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Received proteins from rER, and distributes them to other organelles around the cell

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

Converts food into ATP (energy)

Question 9

Lysosomes

Answer 9

Breaks down food particles, or worn out cells organelles

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

Temporary storage of water, oils and nutrients

Question 11

Types of tissues

Answer 11

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

Question 12

Epithelial

Answer 12

• Forms the outer parts of skin
• lines hollow organs and ducts
• eg small intestine lining
• eg cuboidal cells

Question 13

Connective

Answer 13

• provides support for the body
• helps to hold all body parts together
• cells are not close together
• separated by matrix

Question 14

Muscular

Answer 14

• responds to stimuli, contracting or lengthening

- 3 types- skeletal, cardiac and involuntary

Question 15

Nervous

Answer 15

• made of nerve cells (neurons)
• long projections
• send messages around body
• found in brain/spinal cord
• e.g neuron types - unipolar, bipolar, multipolar

Question 16

Cell Respiration Equation (word)

Answer 16

Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide

Question 17

Cell Respiration Equation

Answer 17

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2

Question 18

Skeletal Muscles

Answer 18

Voluntary and striated

Question 19

Cardiac

Answer 19

Involuntary and striated

Question 20

Involuntary

Answer 20

Smooth and non striated

Question 21

Osmosis

Answer 21

Diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

Question 22

Homeostasis

Answer 22

Maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external environment

Question 23

Diffusion

Answer 23

Spreading out of particles so that they are evenly distributed

Question 24

Concentration Gradient

Answer 24

The different in concentration that brings about diffusion

Question 25

Enzymes

Answer 25

Proteins that catalyse specific chemical reactions without themselves being altered

Question 26

Activation Energy

Answer 26

energy needed to start a chemical reaction, enzymes function by lowering activation energy

Question 27

Co-Factors

Answer 27

Alter the shape of active site so enzymes can combine with other substrates

Question 28

Lock and Key Model

Answer 28

- substrate attaches to the active site of enzymes | - chemical bonds weaken resulting in two or more new products

Question 29

Catabolism

Answer 29

- Where complex substances are broken down into simpler ones - releases energy - eg cellular respiration

Question 30

Anabolism

Answer 30

- Construct complex substances from simpler ones - uses energy - protein synthesis

Question 31

Functions of membranes

Answer 31

- Regulate molecules that can enter and leave the cell - active environment for chemical reactions - receive messages on receptors - cellular communication

Question 32

Phospholipid

Answer 32

Membrane is made up of phospholipids and they create and phospholipid bilayer

Question 33

Active Transport

Answer 33

The use of energy to move substances across a cell membrane

Question 34

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 34

Model of cell membrane structure, proteins and phospholipid can move freely within the layer.

Question 35

Protein Channels

Answer 35

- Proteins act as doors in the membrane | - channels to move specific molecules through cell membrane

Question 36

Glycolysis

Answer 36

``` Breaks down one molecule of glucose to produce two molecules of pyruvate Yields 2 molecules of atp Takes place in cytoplasm Requires no oxygen Anaerobic process ```

Question 37

Passive Transport

Answer 37

a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.

Question 38

Organic Compounds

Answer 38

Amino acids Lipids Carbohydrates Oxygen

Question 39

Semi Permeable Membrane

Answer 39

Cell membrane controls what goes in and out

Question 40

Functions of cell membrane

Answer 40

Physical barrier Regulation of the passage of materials Sensitivity Support