Torticollis (2) Flashcards
(22 cards)
What happens in torticollis?
Unilateral shortening or fibrosis of SCM
When is torticollis evident?
Birth
How do you know what side of torticollis an infant has?
Cervical lateral flexion (side of defect)
Rotation to opposite side of
What are prenatal factors of torticollis?
Intrauterine crowding
Persistent malpositioning
Ischemic injury due to positioning leading to compartment syndrome
What are perinatal risk factors of torticollis?
Breech delivery
Birth trauma during delivery
What are the 3 types of torticollis?
SCM tumor
Muscular
Postural
What are characteristics of SCM tumor torticollis?
Palpable tumor that appears 14-21 days after birth (replaced by fibrous band by 4-8 months)
What are characteristics of muscular torticollis?
Shortening or tightness of SCM
What are characteristics of postural torticollis?
Positional preference (no ROM limitations)
What is plagiocephaly?
Asymmetrical occipital flattening
What causes plagiocephaly?
Persistent external forces applied to soft infant skull
What is craniosynostosis?
Cranial asymmetry from premature closure of one or more cranial sutures
What side does plagiocephaly occur on in relation to muscular torticollis?
Contralateral to side of tilt
Ipsilateral to rotation side
What percentage of muscular torticollis infants also have plagiocephaly?
90%
What is prognosis of a mild case of torticollis?
2-3 months
What is prognosis of a severe case of torticollis?
5-6 months
torticollis grades on slide 32
What are neurological reasons for torticollis?
Syringomyelia (cyst within spinal cord)
C spine tumors
Cervical dystonia (painful Hypertonicity of neck muscles)
Cerebral palsy
Arnold chiari malformation
What are osseus reasons for torticollis?
Klippel-Feil syndrome (congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae)
Rotary cervical instability
What are non-osseus reasons for torticollis?
Grissels syndrome
Sandifers syndrome (GERD)
Opthalmologic and auditory deficits
What are interventions for torticollis?
Neck PROM/AROM
Promotion of symmetrical movements
Environmental adaptations
When is surgery indicated for torticollis?
If > 15° of persistent limitations
