Tour of Alimentary Canal

Question 1

Which two tracts make up the digestive system?

Answer 1

Alimentary tract
GI tract

Question 2

Which accessory organs make up the digestive system?

Answer 2

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

Question 3

Where does the GI tract start and end?

Answer 3

Start- mouth
End- anus

Question 4

Describe the pathway through the body of the GI tract.

Answer 4

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.

Question 5

What are the four main functions of the digestive system?

Answer 5

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

Question 6

What is meant by digestion?

Answer 6

Breaking down of food into substances which our bodies can absorb.

Question 7

What is meant by digestive absorption?

Answer 7

The passage of the end products of digestion from the GI tract into the blood and lymphatics.

Question 8

Which processes can absorption be carried out by?

Answer 8

Active transport or diffusion

Question 9

What is meant by secretion?

Answer 9

Process by which substances are produced and removed by a cell, gland or organ, either to have a function or to be excreted

Question 10

Define motility.

Answer 10

The ability of an organism to move independently

Question 11

Which type of energy does motility require?

Answer 11

Metabolic energy

Question 12

Describe what happens in the mouth in digestive system.

Answer 12

Food broken down by chewing and saliva added as lubricant

Question 13

How does the food travel between the mouth and the stomach?

Answer 13

The oesophagus

Question 14

Describe what happens in the stomach in the digestive system.

Answer 14

Digestion of proteins
Storage
Sterilisation

Question 15

What role does the pancreas have in digestion?

Answer 15

Produces digestive enzymes for the digestion of fats, carbs and proteins

Question 16

What role does the liver have in digestion?

Answer 16

Produces bile salts for the digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine.

Question 17

What is the role of the gallbladder?

Answer 17

Stores and concentrates bile.

Question 18

What happens in the small intestine during digestion?

Answer 18

Final stages of nutrient absorption and chemical digestion.

Question 19

What happens in the large intestine during digestion?

Answer 19

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

Question 20

Briefly describe the structure of the alimentary canal.

Answer 20

Continuous hollow tube, varying in diameter.

Question 21

How long in the alimentary canal approx?

Answer 21

8 meters

Question 22

Name the four distinct layers (tunics) of the alimentary canal.

Answer 22

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia/serosa

Question 23

Name the three types of mucosa found in the alimentary canal.

Answer 23

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis muscosae

Question 24

What forms the lining of the abdominal cavity?

Answer 24

Peritoneum, a type of serous membrane

Question 25

When is the connective tissue layer known as adventitia?

Answer 25

When it is found outside the peritoneal cavity

Question 26

When is the connective tissue layer known as serosa?

Answer 26

When it is found inside the peritoneal cavity

Question 27

Name the two layers of the muscularis externa.

Answer 27

Circular muscle layer Longitudal muscle layer

Question 28

Where in the digestive system would you find stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 28

Mouth, oesophagus, anal canal. ->these parts of the system tend to have bulkier products in them so more than one layer of epithelium is required to protect from friction :)

Question 29

Where in the digestive system would you find simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 29

Stomach Small intestine Large intestine -> the columnar epithelium has cilia which helps with movement through the intestines :)

Question 30

What type of tissue makes up the lamina propria?

Answer 30

Loose connective tissue

Question 31

Which other features does the lamina propria contain?

Answer 31

Glands Blood/lymph vessels

Question 32

Which type of muscle makes up the Muscularis mucosae layer?

Answer 32

Smooth muscle

Question 33

Which layer of the alimentary canal has a nerve and blood supply?

Answer 33

Submucosa

Question 34

Name the nerve plexus which is found between the circular and longitudal layers of the muscularis.

Answer 34

Myenteric plexus

Question 35

Name the nerve plexus found between the submucusal layer and the circular muscularis.

Answer 35

Submucosal plexus

Question 36

What is the main function of the epithelium in the mucosa?

Answer 36

Acts as a barrier which separates the lumen of the alimentary canal from the body.

Question 37

Mucosa also has a role in the synthesis and secretion of what?

Answer 37

Digestive enzymes Hormones Mucus

Question 38

Why do the intestines and stomach have simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 38

Helps with absorption of food Has thick layers to protect from digestive juices.

Question 39

What type of tissue makes up the submucosa?

Answer 39

Irregular CT

Question 40

Where in the body would you find submucosal glands?

Answer 40

Oesophagus Duodenum

Question 41

Are the nerves in the submucosal plexus sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Answer 41

Parasympathetic

Question 42

What does the circular layer of the muscularis do to the lumen of the alimentary canal?

Answer 42

Constricts it

Question 43

What does the longitudal layer of the muscularis do to the lumen of the alimentary canal?

Answer 43

Shortens it

Question 44

What does the constriction and shortening of the lumen of the alimentary canal allow for?

Answer 44

Motility

Question 45

Describe the difference between segmentation and peristalsis.

Answer 45

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Question 46

Which plexuses make up the enteric nervous system?

Answer 46

Myenteric plexus Submucosal plexus

Question 47

Which nerve provides most of the parasympathetic innervation to the alimentary tract?

Answer 47

Vagus nerve

Question 48

Which never provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the alimentary tract?

Answer 48

Splanctic nerve

Question 49

Which two nerves provide parasympathetic innervation for the process of salivation?

Answer 49

Facial nerve Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 50

What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the alimentary function?

Answer 50

Increases secretion and motility

Question 51

Does the parasympathetic innervation have a inhibitory or stimulating effect on the alimentary system?

Answer 51

Stimulating

Question 52

Does the sympathetic innervation have a inhibitory or stimulating effect on the alimentary system?

Answer 52

Inhibitory- except for salivation

Question 53

What effect does sympathetic innervation have on the alimentary function?

Answer 53

Decreases motility and secretion

Question 54

After eating, which type of innervation will be working harder?

Answer 54

Parasympathetic ->this is why you have to wait between eating and exercising, you are too relaxed and if running, you need to sympathetic NS to be working more effectively :)

Question 55

What supplies the blood to the GIT?

Answer 55

Descending abdominal aorta

Question 56

Name the three branches coming off the descending abdominal aorta

Answer 56

Superior mesenteric artery Inferior mesenteric artery Celiac trunk

Question 57

Where will the celiac trunk supply blood to?

Answer 57

Stomach Small intestine Pancreas Liver

Question 58

Where will the superior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

Answer 58

Small intestine Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon

Question 59

Where will the inferior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

Answer 59

Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum

Question 60

What is the venous draining for the stomach via?

Answer 60

Gastric veins

Question 61

What is the venous draining for the pancreas via?

Answer 61

Splenic vein

Question 62

What is the venous draining for the descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum via?

Answer 62

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 63

What is the venous draining for the small intestine caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon via?

Answer 63

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 64

What do the gastric veins, splenic veins, inferior mesenteric veins and the superior mesenteric veins all form together?

Answer 64

Hepatic portal vein

Question 65

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

Answer 65

Carries all the blood from the GIT to the liver

Question 66

After the blood has left the liver, which veins takes it and where?

Answer 66

Hepatic vein takes it to inferior vena cava