Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 2- GIT > Liver Symposium > Flashcards

Liver Symposium Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Which 5 main viruses can cause viral hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which types of hepatitis’ are enteric viruses?

A

A and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which types of hepatitis’ are parenteral viruses?

A

B, C, D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which types of hepatitis’ are self limiting acute viruses?

A

A and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which types of hepatitis’ cause chronic infections?

A

B,C, D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is Hep.A initially confirmed?

A

IgM antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can hepatitis A be transmitted?

A

Faecal-oral route
Sexually
Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which age range is most common to get Hep.A?

A

5-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does HepB contain in the inner core which helps it to replicate?

A

DNA polymerase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the HepB surface antigen allow the virus to do?

A

Avoid the immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the E antigen produced by HepB virus?

A

Released into blood and modulates the immune system to help the virus survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If testing and there is Hepatitis B surface antigen, what does this suggest?

A

Presence of virus

(remember this could be dead or alive!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

If testing and there is Hepatitis B E antigen, what does this suggest?

A

Active replication of the virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

If testing and there is Hepatitis B core antigen, what does this suggest?

A

Active replication of the virus but not detected in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

If testing and there is Hepatitis B DNA antigen, what does this suggest?

A

Active replication of the virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the anti-surface antibody produced by the body?

A

Protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which antibody is produced by the body in response to an acute HepB infection?

A

IgM antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which antibody is produced by the body in response to a chronic HepB infection?

A

IgG antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What can chronic hepatitis B cause to happen?

A

Cirrhosis of liver -> end stage liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are the vast majority of people infected w HepC symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What can HepC cause to happen?

A

Cirrhosis of liver

->sometimes HepC doesn’t even get diagnosed until this point as so hard to diagnose as mostly asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is HepC DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is HepC diagnosed?

A

First look for HepC antibodies
Then look for HepC or RNA in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is HepD RNA or DNA based?

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does HepD depend on?
HepB Parasite of a virus in some ways!
26
What does HepD rely on HepB for?
Production of protein coat
27
A patient can also have HepD if they have what?
HepB
28
Is HepD easy to treat?
No, very resistant to treatment
29
How are HepB and HepD transmitted?
When bodily fluids for an infected person come into contact with a non-infected person
30
Describe the treatment for HepE.
No specific treatment No effective vaccine currently available
31
What is meant by drug induced liver disease?
When various drugs are taken for various reasons which can cause different patterns and mechanisms of injury to the liver
32
Name one drug in particular that can cause a lot of liver damage.
Paracetamol
33
Which three diseases fall under the umbrella term of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Simple steatosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Fibrosis and cirrhosis
34
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with many components of metabolic syndrome like what?
Obesity Diabetes Hypertriglyceridemia Hypertension
35
What are some of the risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?
Age Ethnicity Genetics
36
What test is used to confirm the diagnosis of NAFLD?
Blood tests- AST/ALT ratio
37
Which radiography investigations can confirm NAFLD?
Ultrasound Fibroscan MR CT
38
Which investigation is the gold-standard of diagnosis?
Liver biopsy because it tells the extent of fibrosis or steatosis
39
Which scoring system can be used to determine if someone has fibrosis or not?
Fib-4 score
40
If a score is less than 1.45 for the Fib4 score, what does this suggest?
No advanced fibrosis
41
If a score is more than 3.45 for the Fib4 score, what does this suggest?
Suggests there is scarring or cirrhosis
42
What are some of the treatment options for NAFLD?
Diet and weight reduction Exercise Weight reduction surgeries Vitamin E Insulin sensitizers Glucagon like peptide-1
43
Name three more common autoimmune liver diseases.
Autoimmune hepatitis Primary biliary cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis
44
Is autoimmune hepatitis predominantly seen in men or women?
Women
45
Which antibody is elevated in those with autoimmune hepatitis?
IgG
46
What is the diagnostic test for autoimmune hepatits?
Liver biopsy
47
Does autoimmune hepatitis respond well to treatment?
Yes ->steroids and in the long term, azathioprine
48
Is primary biliary cholangitis predominantly seen in men or women?
Women
49
Which antibody is elevated in those with primary biliary cholangitis?
IgM
50
What is usually affected by primary biliary cholnagitis?
Bile ducts
51
Which two symptoms are common in those with primary biliary cholangitis?
Fatigue Pruritus (itching)
52
Is primary sclerosing cholangitis predominantly seen in men or women?
Men
53
Which antibody group is positive in primary sclerosing cholangitis?
pANCA
54
What is usually affected by primary sclerosing` cholangitis?
Itra and extrahepatic bile ducts
55
Which test is used to diagnose primary sclerosing cholangitis?
MRI or MRCP
56
What do patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis usually present with?
Jaundice or recurrent cholangitis
57
What is the only treatment for primary sclerosing cholangitis?
Liver transplant
58
Who would get a liver transplant?
Those who- -have chronic liver disease w poor survival prediction -have chronic liver disease w poor life quality -have hepatocellular carcinoma -acute liver failure -have certain genetic diseases
59
What are some contraindications for a liver transplant?
Active substance or alcohol abuse Active extrahepatic malignancy Uncontrolled infection in other part of body Psychosocial factors which may impact how they recover
60
Which score is used today to prioritise who gets a liver transplant?
UKELD score
61

Year 2- GIT (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions