Tourism 2

Question 1

link to motiv of travel

why are there emergence of new tourism types

Answer 1

• globalisation result, increased info, social media
• cater, diff. interests

LINK
Motivation to Travel: Need for new travel experiences

Question 2

features of adventure tourism

Answer 2

• natural environments
• challenging physical activities
• seek to achieve personal growth, fulfillment

motivation to travel

Question 3

always link to motiv. to travel

y go heritage tourism

Answer 3

• activities learn history, culture
• understand rich, unique cultures

spot the motivation to travel!

Question 4

characteristics of location for heritage tourism

Answer 4

• rich history, culture
• esp UNESCO

Question 5

y go sports tourism

Answer 5

observe sporting event:
- enjoyment, need for relaxation
participate sporting event
- need for self-fulfillment

Question 6

y ppl health tourism

Answer 6

• medical care
• physical, mental, spiritual wellbeing, health
• cheaper, shorter waiting time, exclusive proceedures
• self-esteem
• need for self-fulfillment

Question 7

characteristics of location of sports tourism

Answer 7

• place where sporting event held
• sporting facilities (i.e. track)

Remember Paris Olympics for this e.g.

Question 8

characteristics of location of health tourism

Answer 8

• renowned/exclusive medical services/well-being availible

Question 9

2 general trends in supply of tourism

Answer 9

• specalist operators complement services mass market tour operators
• tourism market print, broadcast media -> online media

Question 10

what does small specalist tour operators supply? What dose mass market tour operators supply?

Answer 10

small specialist tour operators
- niche travel
mass market tour operators
- mass tour package

Question 11

Mass market tour operators characteristics

Answer 11

• companies/ppl that supply tour packages cater 2 masses
• tour packages include other tourism services (i.e. transport, accomodation)

(mass market tour packages)

includes other services so that
- mobility to travel
- pull factor

Question 12

why are mass market tours attractive to tourists

Answer 12

• relatively cheaper tour operators buy services in bulk -> lower costs
• less mafan book other provided services like food, accomodation
• trustable tour operators know the ropes

RECAP
Tour Operators
International Businesses
Local Businesses
Govt
Locals
Tourists

Question 13

characteristics of special tour operators

Answer 13

• companies/ppl supply tours niche travel
• specialise specific destinations/tourism experiences
• not widely purchased
• tour guides experts their field
• increasingly popular globalisation + social media
• customisable
• small groups
• usually mass tour dun have

Question 14

Trend of shift of tourism marketing stats

Answer 14

70% tourists use Internet research, plan trips

Question 15

2 econ. negative impacts brought out by tourism

Answer 15

• economic leakages -> less tourism revenue for country
• overdepend on tourism

Question 16

negative econ. impact (tourism)
economic leakage

Answer 16

revenue generated, tourism lost -> economies, other countries

• goods bought from other country, support local tourism industry
• lesser revenue improve standard of living citizens
• wipe out huge amounts economic benefits tourism

Question 17

negative econ. impact (tourism)
overdependence on tourism

Answer 17

• country vulnerable to sudden fall in tourist numbers

LINK
Likely in growth/consolidation stage

Question 18

4 unexpected events that cause drastic fall in tourism numbers

Answer 18

• natural disasters
• unfavourable political situations
• economic downturn
• outbreak of diseases

Question 19

why does unfavourable political situations cause fall in tourist numbers?

Answer 19

• riots, protests, closure of hotels, tourist attractions
• tourist fear for safety
• govt. may even close off affected area

Question 20

why does economic downturn cause fall in tourist numbers

Answer 20

• companies cut cost, retrench people
• less disposable income to spend on tourism

Question 21

why does outbreak of diseases cause tourist numbers to drop?

Answer 21

• fear for safety
• govt. choose to issue travel advisory
• govt. close of affected area

all decrease no. of tourists

Question 22

define cultural clash

Answer 22

• dislike, hostility, struggle between communities w/ diff values, beliefs

Question 23

how does tourism positively impact society and culture

Answer 23

• enhance cultural ecosystem services
• cultural preservation

Question 24

how does tourism negatively impact society and culture

Answer 24

• commodification, cultural practices, art forms
• cultural dilution
• cultural clashes (locals <-> locals)
• cultural clashes (tourists <-> locals)
• increased crime

Question 25

**positive social impact, tourism** cultural preservation

Answer 25

- tourists keen visit place w/ rich cultural heritage - tourism revenue boost local economy -> incentive protect cultural practice, art forms - govt invest money, enhancing preservation efforts

Question 26

**positive social impact, tourism** enhancing cultural ecosystem services?

Answer 26

- env protected tourist activities, experiences -> enhance cultural ecosystem service offered nature ## Footnote asthetic, educational, recreational, spiritual benefits

Question 27

**negative social impact, tourism** commodification of cultural practices, artforms?

Answer 27

- demand for heritage tourism increase - exaggerated, staged, fit suit needs of tourists - weakens cultural value, auth for local community, tourists - conflict amongst locals who want to preserve practices VS those who wanna use culture for revenue ## Footnote **DEFINE COMMODIFICATION** - turning smth into commodity that is bought/sold

Question 28

how does tourism cause cultural clashes btwn tourist local

Answer 28

- tourists insensitive local norms - increased cost living, congestion, crime

Question 29

how does tourism cause rise of crimes?

Answer 29

- tourists carry large sum $$ destination site, attract theft - locals harbor resentment towards them

Question 30

how does the nature of interaction between locals, tourists impact tourism?

Answer 30

- tourist, locals mutually affect ea other - determine nature social impacts tourism - often unequal - tourism industry focus more tourist - local communities accomodate tourists their own expense ## Footnote power difference

Question 31

Positive env. impacts of tourism

Answer 31

- conservation of natural environments + biodiversity - Restore degraded aquatic, terrestrial ecosystems

Question 32

negative environmental impacts of tourism

Answer 32

- pollution - depletion of natural rescources - depletion of wildlife habitats

Question 33

**Positive env. impacts of tourism** conservation of natural environment ## Footnote cleaning env

Answer 33

- govt., locals clean environment to attract tourists to visit - Tourism revenue used to fund protection of aquatic + terrestrial ecosystems

Question 34

**Positive env. impacts of tourism** fund protection of aquatic, terrestial ecosystems

Answer 34

- establish restriction to development for protected areas - employ staff to care for areas - set up educational programmes for tourist

Question 35

**Positive env. impacts of tourism** restoration of degraded aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems

Answer 35

scenic spots, sites, tourist attraction -> motivation to stop, reverse degradation ecosystems

Question 36

2 types of pollution caused by tourism

Answer 36

greenhouse emissions no/not enough sewage facilities/improper waste disposal

Question 37

**tourism air pollution** greenhouse emissions?

Answer 37

- travel by air,sea,land -> fossil fuels 1. far-spreading (from origin) 2. nitrogen dioxide -> respiratory illness ## Footnote electrical appliances

Question 38

how does tourism lead to damn a lot of waste? (3 formulas) what are the consequences?

Answer 38

- tourist + *no/not enough proper waste disposal system* - tourist + *untreated sewage* - tourist + *no treatment facilities* **consequences** - environmental degradation ## Footnote **environmental degradation**: water, air, land pollution e.g. basically opposite of regulating ecosystem services

Question 39

**negative env. impact** depletion of natural rescources

Answer 39

- overuse of natural rescources - harm people, terrastrial + aquatic ecosystems

Question 40

**negative env. impact** how does tourism lead to threats to wildlife habitats?

Answer 40

- construction of tourist facilities -> encroach on natural areas - tourist trample on plant/make noise -> disturb