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Pharmacology > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Cadmium

A

Targets kidneys, lungs, CV

Chelation

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2
Q

Methanol

A

Metabolism = Formeldehyde
Metabolic Acidosis
Neurotoxicity - Retina/Optic Nerve (BLIND)
Pancreatitis

TX: Lavage w/ bicarbonate, Ethanol, Fomepizole

Hemodialysis if blood levels exceed 50 mg/dL

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3
Q

Symp: Intoxication (30 min), Metabolic Acidosis (12-24 hr), OLIGURIC Renal failure (72 hr)

Metabolism = Oxalate

TX: Lavage w/ bicarbonate, Ethanol, Fomepizole

A

Ethylene Glycol

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4
Q

MOA: Binds sulfhydryl groups

Fatal = 120 mg

A

Arsenic

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5
Q

Chlordane, DDT, Lindane

A

Insecticides - Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
MOA: Ion channels Na+ and Ca2+

Symp: CNS stimulation –> Tremors and then Convulsions

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6
Q

Sulfur Oxide

A

MOA: Forms sulfurous acid on contact with mucous membranes –> Thickens mucus

Symptoms: Bronchospasms, Asphyxiation

TX: Remove source

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7
Q

MOA: Potent oxidizer

Symptoms: Irritation, inflammation

TX: Remove source

A

Ozone

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8
Q

Nitrogen Oxide

A

Brownish irritant gas (combustion)

Symptoms: Pulmonary edema

TX: Remove/manage

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9
Q

Brownish irritant gas (combustion)

Symptoms: Pulmonary edema

TX: Remove/manage

A

Nitrogen Oxide

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10
Q

Ethanol

A

Metabolism: Alcohol Dehydrogenase –> Acetaldehyde

Symp: CNS depression, gastritis, pancreatitis, feminization of males, inhibits ADH/oxytocin secretion

TX: Supportive, Hemodialysis effective but invasive, Disulfiram (alcoholics)

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11
Q

Carbamates

A

Insecticides - Carbaryl, Baygon

Reversible AChE inhibitors

TX: Decontaminate, support. Atropine
*pralidoxamine = contraindicated

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12
Q

Mercury

A 
Elemental = vapor, lungs
Organic = skin
Inorganic = GI

Symp: “Mad Hatter”

MOA: Covalent bonds with sulfhydryl groups

TX: Dimercaprol (IM), D-Penicillamine, Succimer

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13
Q

Iron

A

Symp: Corrosive to GI Tract

  1. Watery diarrhea with strips of mucosa
  2. Quiescent period (6-12 hrs)
  3. Acidosis, pulmonary edema, cyanosis
  4. Hepatic necrosis

TX: Milk + Vomit, Lavage, DEFEROXAMINE

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14
Q

Symp: CNS depression, gastritis, pancreatitis, feminization of males, inhibits ADH/oxytocin secretion

TX: Supportive, Hemodialysis effective but invasive, Disulfiram (alcoholics)

A

Ethanol

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15
Q

Propylene Glycol (PEG)

A 
Food additive (daily intake 34 mg/kg)
Tasteless metabolized to lactic acid
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16
Q

Pyrethrins

A

Insecticides - Fatal oral dose = 50 g

MOA: Targets Na+ ion channels

Symp: Contact dermatitis, asthma, CNS excitation

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17
Q

MOA: Blocks synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons

A

Glyphosphate

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18
Q

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A

Benzene, Toluene

MOA: CNS depression

Acute = euphoria, locomotive problems, coma/death
Chronic = Aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, increased risk of leukemia

*Toluene - no myelotoxicity

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19
Q

Metabolism = Formeldehyde
Metabolic Acidosis
Neurotoxicity - Retina/Optic Nerve (BLIND)
Pancreatitis

TX: Lavage w/ bicarbonate, Ethanol, Fomepizole

Hemodialysis if blood levels exceed 50 mg/dL

A

Methanol

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20
Q

Amyl Sodium Nitrate - Methemoglobin
Add thiosulfate
Hydroxycobalamin

A

Cyanide Treatment

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21
Q

Lead Treatment

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A

IV EDTA (!!!) - chelates but MUST be given IV because oral will enhance absorption
Succimer - oral chelating agent
Dimercaprol (IM) - in severe poisoning

22
Q

MOA: High affinity for Hgb

Symp: Headaches, nausea, malaise, arrythmias, dyspnea, myonecrosis, renal failure

TX: 100% O2. Decreasing half life under hyperbaric conditions

Study These Flashcards
A

Carbon Monoxide

23
Q

MOA: CNS depression

Acute = euphoria, locomotive problems, coma/death
Chronic = Aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, increased risk of leukemia
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A

Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Benzene, Toluene

*Toluene - no myelotoxicity

24
Q

Ethylene Glycol

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A

Symp: Intoxication (30 min), Metabolic Acidosis (12-24 hr), OLIGURIC Renal failure (72 hr)

Metabolism = Oxalate

TX: Lavage w/ bicarbonate, Ethanol, Fomepizole

25
Lines on bones/gums
Lead
26
Nickel
Contact dermatitis, carcinogen | Chelation
27
Insecticides - Reversible AChE inhibitors TX: Decontaminate, support. Atropine *pralidoxamine = contraindicated
Carbamates | Carbaryl, Baygon
28
Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloroform
Symp: CNS depression, Liver/Cardiotoxicity TX: Manage based on organ system involved
29
Symp: "Mad Hatter" MOA: Covalent bonds with sulfhydryl groups TX: Dimercaprol (IM), D-Penicillamine, Succimer
Mercury
30
Chromium
Nephrotoxic, carcinogen
31
Lead
Paint, gasoline MOA: Binds to RBCs and is distributed systemically. Binds sulfhydryl groups of proteins Interferes with Ca2+, Zn2+, iron Lead line on bones/gums, encephalopathy, anemia TX: IV EDTA (!!!) - chelates but MUST be given IV because oral will enhance absorption Succimer - oral chelating agent Dimercaprol (IM) - in severe poisoning
32
Arsenic
MOA: Binds sulfhydryl groups Fatal = 120 mg
33
Agent Orange
Chloropenoxy Compounds Toxicity may be due to dioxin contaminant (TCDD) Symp: Severe dermatitis, Neurological problems
34
Paraquat
High mortality from accidental poisoning GI symp: Vomiting, burning, renal/hepatic failure Delayed pulm: Massive Fibroblast proliferation TX: Lavage, hemodialysis Steroids and Cyclophosphamide
35
Cyanide
MOA: Blocks Complex IV of electron transport chain Venous blood bright red TX: Amyl Sodium Nitrate - Methemoglobin Add thiosulfate Hydroxycobalamin - form cyanocobalamin
36
Symp: Severe dermatitis, Neurological problems
Agent Orange | Chloropenoxy Compounds
37
``` Food additive (daily intake 34 mg/kg) Tasteless metabolized to lactic acid ```
Propylene Glycol (PEG)
38
Symp: Corrosive to GI Tract 1. Watery diarrhea with strips of mucosa 2. Quiescent period (6-12 hrs) 3. Acidosis, pulmonary edema, cyanosis 4. Hepatic necrosis TX: Milk + Vomit, Lavage, DEFEROXAMINE
Iron
39
Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloroform Symp: CNS depression, Liver/Cardiotoxicity TX: Manage based on organ system involved
40
Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloroform Symp: CNS depression, Liver/Cardiotoxicity TX: Manage based on organ system involved
Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
41
High mortality from accidental poisoning GI symp: Vomiting, burning, renal/hepatic failure Delayed pulm: Massive Fibroblast proliferation TX: Lavage, hemodialysis Steroids and Cyclophosphamide
Paraquat
42
Organophosphates
Parathion, Malathion, Echiothiophate, TPP, Dichlorvos MOA: Irreversible AChE inhibitor Symptoms: SLUDGEM TX: Atropine - treat muscarinic symptoms Pralidoxamine - AChE reactivator, must be give w/in 24 hrs
43
Carbon Monoxide
MOA: High affinity for Hgb Symp: Headaches, nausea, malaise, arrythmias, dyspnea, myonecrosis, renal failure TX: 100% O2. Decreasing half life under hyperbaric conditions
44
Glyphosphate
Roundup MOA: Blocks synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons
45
Symptoms: SLUDGEM TX: Atropine - treat muscarinic symptoms Pralidoxamine - AChE reactivator, must be give w/in 24 hrs
Organophosphates | Parathion, Malathion, Echiothiophate, TPP, Dichlorvos
46
Ozone
MOA: Potent oxidizer Symptoms: Irritation, inflammation TX: Remove source
47
Particulate Matter
Silicosis, Asbestosis MOA: Inflammation and scarring of lungs Symptoms: Delayed mesothelioma, dyspnea, tachypnea, Bronchial cancer
48
MOA: Forms sulfurous acid on contact with mucous membranes --> Thickens mucus Symptoms: Bronchospasms, Asphyxiation TX: Remove source
Sulfur Oxide
49
Cyanide Treatment
Amyl Sodium Nitrate - Methemoglobin Add thiosulfate Hydroxycobalamin
50
Silicosis, Asbestosis MOA: Inflammation and scarring of lungs Symptoms: Delayed mesothelioma, dyspnea, tachypnea, Bronchial cancer
Particulate Matter
51
MOA: Targets Na+ ion channels Symp: Contact dermatitis, asthma, CNS excitation
Pyrethrins | Insecticide

Pharmacology (19 decks)

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