Toxicology - Exam 4

Question 1

definition of toxicology

Answer 1

the study and science of poisons

Question 2

definition of toxicants

Answer 2

“poison”; interfere with life processes or biological functions

Question 3

exposure aspect of toxicology includes

Answer 3

species susceptibility & sensitivity

sources of toxicity

Question 4

diagnoses aspect of toxicology includes

Answer 4

clinical & lab findings

specific lesions

Question 5

toxicokinetics aspect of toxicology includes

Answer 5

mechanism of action

metabolism, excretion, half life

Question 6

treatment aspect of toxicology includes

Answer 6

decontamination
specific antidote
organs affected

Question 7

prognosis aspect of toxicology includes

Answer 7

risk to other animals

risk to people/public health

Question 8

the difference between drugs and poisons is the

Answer 8

dose

Question 9

definition of xenobiotics

Answer 9

foreign chemicals that the body does not produce i.e.: drugs & poisons

Question 10

natural sources of toxicants

Answer 10

plant, animal, mineral, fungi/bacteria, gaseous

Question 11

synthetic sources of toxicants

Answer 11

insecticides & organic herbicides

Question 12

definition of toxicosis

Answer 12

poisoning/intoxication; disease caused by exposure

Question 13

definition of envenomation via coral snake

Answer 13

neuromuscular paralysis, death by hypoventilation & respiratory failure

Question 14

definition of biotoxin

Answer 14

poison from a biological process

Question 15

definition of toxic

Answer 15

the deleterious or undesirable effects of a poison

Question 16

example of toxicosis

Answer 16

amanita “death cap” mushrooms; acute liver failure, imminent death

Question 17

definition of toxicity

Answer 17

amount of poison that under certain circumstances will cause a toxicity

Question 18

in mammals toxicity is measured as

Answer 18

LD50 (mg/kg)

Question 19

in birds toxicity is measured as

Answer 19

LC50 (mg/kg feed)

Question 20

in fish toxicity is measured as

Answer 20

LC50 (mg/L H2O)

Question 21

definition of acute toxicity

Answer 21

effect of a single dose or multiple doses over 24 hours

Question 22

definition of subacute toxicity

Answer 22

effect produced by daily exposure from one day to 30 days

Question 23

definition of subchronic toxicity

Answer 23

effect exposed from daily exposure from 30 to 90 days

Question 24

definition of chronic toxicity

Answer 24

effect produced by daily exposure from 3 months or more

Question 25

toxicity of any substance is influenced by what factors?

Answer 25

species, breed, individual, sex, age, dosage of poison, duration of exposure, idiosyncrasies

Question 26

chronicity factor is the ratio between:

Answer 26

acute LD50 & chronic LD50

Question 27

rapidly metabolized compounds will have a low/high chronicity factor

Answer 27

low

Question 28

development of tolerance due to increased metabolism will increase/decrease the chronicity factor

Answer 28

decrease

Question 29

compounds with a cumulative effect will have a high/low chronicity factor

Answer 29

high

Question 30

a chronicity factor >2 indicates a

Answer 30

relatively cumulative toxin

Question 31

definition of HNTD

Answer 31

highest nontoxic dose; does not result in undesirable or toxic alterations

Question 32

definition of MTD

Answer 32

maximum tolerated dose or minimal toxic dose

Question 33

definition of toxic dose low

Answer 33

lowest dose that produces toxic alterations; administering twice this dose will not cause death

Question 34

definition of toxic dose high

Answer 34

dose that produces toxic alterations; administering twice this dose will cause death

Question 35

definition of no effect level

Answer 35

maximum nontoxic level; does not cause death, illness, or toxic alterations

Question 36

definition of lethal dose

Answer 36

dose that causes death, alive or not, no in between

Question 37

LD0

Answer 37

highest dose that does not cause any death

Question 38

LD50

Answer 38

dose that kills 50% of animals in a group

Question 39

LD100

Answer 39

dose that kills all the animals in the group

Question 40

definition of hazard

Answer 40

danger from possibility of exposure