Week 1 - Exam 1 Flashcards by Emillie Dodd

definition of pharmacology

study of actions of drugs on living systems

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definition of a drug

‘A substance used as a medication or in the preparation of medication’

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definition of clinical pharmacology

the application of pharmacology principles to patients

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definition of pharmacy

the study of the preparation of drugs

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definition of toxicology

the study of poisons and their treatments

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what does pharmacokinetics entail

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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5 pillars of pharmacology

drug, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, pharmacotherapeutics, drug toxicity

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3 main types of drug sources

natural, semisynthetic, synthetic

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4 types of natural drugs

plant, animal, fungi, bacteria

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7 active compounds in plants (All Good Rossies Get To Finish Victoriously)

alkaloids, glycosides, resins, gums, tannins, fixed oils, volatile oils

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alkaloid characteristics

basic nitrogenous substances, insoluble in water, end in -ine

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glycosides are

sugars

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resin characteristic

polymerization of volatile oils

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gums characteristics

polysaccharides, trees

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tannins characteristics

non-nitrogenous, astringent effect

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fixed oils characteristics

stable, won’t evaporate

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volatile oils characteristic

will evaporate

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3 types of animal sources

blood, plasma, hormones

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drugs from bacteria/fungi

antibiotics

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definition of dose

amount of drug given to achieve a certain effect

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definition of dosage

amount of drug per unit body weight i.e.: mg/kg, etc.

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definition of concentration

amount of drug per unit of volume from the stock supply of medication aka dosage form or formulation i.e.: mg/mL, 100mg tab, 25mg cap, etc.

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4 categories of drug products

OTC, prescription, biologics (vax), controlled

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OTC drugs don’t need

a prescription

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prescription drugs regulated by

the FDA, NADA

biologics regulated by

the USDA

FDA stands for _____; function

Food and Drug Administration, drug approval and safety

DEA stands for _____; function

Drug Enforcement Administration, high abuse potential i.e.: controlled

NDC stands for _____; function

National Drug Code, 10 digits, DEA

NADA stands for _____; function

New Animal Drug Application, FDA

controlled drugs regulated by _______; how many classes

DEA, 5 classes/schedules based on potential for abuse (lower class = higher potential)

definition of a prescription

An order to a pharmacist written by a licensed medical practitioner, legally recognized document

required text for a prescription includes:

Name, address, and phone number of hospital, Name of patient (species is also helpful), Patient’s body weight, Name and address of patient’s owner (client), Date prescription is written, Number of refills permitted, Clinician’s DEA registration number must be provided for controlled drugs, Withdrawal time for food animals, Name and strength of medication, Quantity to be dispensed, Directions for Use: include amount of medication, route of administration, frequency of treatment

schedule II drugs restrictions

written, 0 refills, 30 day supply

schedule III, IV, V restrictions

usually faxed, can't be called in, up to 5 refills within 6 months

AMDUCA stands for ______; function

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act; extra label use

FARAD stands for ______; function

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank; food animal drug withdrawal times

4 types of dosage forms of drugs

solid, liquid, semisolid, gases/vapors

local routes of administration

skin, nasal, ocular, urinary tract, vaginal, rectal, mammary, (sub)lingual, GI mucosa, otic, intraspinal/synovial/medullary

systemic routes of administration

per os, enteral, perenteral

perenteral routes of administration

IV, IM, SQ, IP, TM, IB, IO, gases, vapors, endotracheal

definition of a powder

mixture of drugs packaged in packets or sachets

definition of a tablet

active drug combined with a binder and excipient; can cut

definition of a enteric-coated tablet

irritants or ones destroyed by gastric acid are coated and dissolve in the SI

definition of a pill

mixture of drugs and a sticky binder glazed sugar coating; can't cut

definition of a capsule

container made of mixture of gelatin and glycerin to hold powdered drugs (powder and liquid)

definition of a bolus

large and cylindrical shape for horses and cows

definition of a mixture

aq soln or suspension for oral administration

definition of a pessary

conical solid preparation for intravaginal use in humans

definition of a suppository

conical solid preparation given intrarectally for systemic effects in humans, melts and releases ingredients

definition of a paste

semisolid preparation for external or internal use

definition of a electuary

semisolid preparation applied to the back of the tongue, systemic (large animal med)

definition of a tincture

alcoholic liquid nonvolatile substance external/internal use

definition of a spirit

alcoholic liquid volatile substance

definition of a suspension

aqueous suspension of solids and contains dispersing agent "shake well before use"

definition of a syrup

soln of medicinal agents, flavoring, coloring, 85% sucrose soln

definition of an elixir

hydroalcoholic soln sweetened and flavored

definition of an emulsion

oily substance in aqueous medium

definition of an extract

pass solvent over dried plant material then evaporate solvent

definition of infusion

cold or warm water for extraction

definition of decoction

boiling water for extraction

definition of injection

sterile solns in aq vehicle. heat sterilized or filtered.

definition of repository forms

slow release

definition of a liniment

liquid or semisolid applied on skin with friction

definition of a lotion

soln soothing applied on skin

definition of a ointment

semisolid greasy dissolved on skin

definition of a cream

water-oil emulsion, water evaporate after application

definition of a dusting powder

mix of drugs in powder for external use

definition of an aerosol

solvent and packaged under pressure with a propellant

a.c. stands for

before meals

p.c. stands for

after meals

c stands for

with

s stands for

without

aq stands for

water

et stands for

and

noct stands for

night

definition of a compounded medication

combining or altering ingredients

example of Class I drug

heroin, LSD

example of Class II drug

morphine

example of Class III drug

anabolic steroids

example of Class IV drug

butorphanol & diazepam

example of Class V drug

buprenorphine