Week 3 - Exam 1

Question 1

volume from stock solution =

Answer 1

(small% / large%) x total volume needed

Question 2

drug interaction factors by animal:

Answer 2

species, breed, weight, age, sex, temperament, idiosyncrasy, hypersensitivity, disease, tolerance

Question 3

drug interaction factors by drug:

Answer 3

route and timing, accumulation, drug-drug interaction

Question 4

drug interaction factors by environment:

Answer 4

ambient temperature, humidity, oxygen, exposure to light

Question 5

cats typically weigh

Answer 5

5kg

Question 6

labs typically weigh

Answer 6

30kg

Question 7

horses typically weigh

Answer 7

500kg

Question 8

pediatric patients watch for

Answer 8

increase total body water

Question 9

geriatric patients watch for

Answer 9

decrease total body water & lean body mass, and increase body fat

Question 10

idiosyncrasy

Answer 10

individual drug sensitivity, not dose dependent, serious, genetically determined unpredictable abnormal

Question 11

hypersensitivity

Answer 11

individual allergic drug reaction, prior exposure necessary, haptens/antigens

Question 12

3 types of disease that affect drug response

Answer 12

hepatic dysfunction, renal insufficiency, congestive heart failure

Question 13

4 types of drug tolerances

Answer 13

natural, acquired, cross, tachyphylaxis

Question 14

tolerance is

Answer 14

an usual resistance to ordinary drug dose

Question 15

oral absorption is usually faster _____ meal

Answer 15

before

Question 16

accumulation occurs when

Answer 16

rate of elimination is slower than rate of absorption

Question 17

4 types of drug-drug interactions

Answer 17

summation, potentiation, synergism, antagonism

Question 18

excretion normally referring to what organ

Answer 18

kidney

Question 19

metabolism normally referring to what organ

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

definition of summation

Answer 20

sum of the effects of drugs

Question 21

definition of potentiation

Answer 21

intensification of effects (give another drug with different action)

Question 22

definition of synergism

Answer 22

exaggeration of effects (give another drug with same action)

Question 23

definition of antagonism

Answer 23

decreases effect of another drug

Question 24

drug-drug interactions: pharmacodynamics

Answer 24

same receptors; drugs with reversals

Question 25

drug-drug interactions: pharmacokinetics

Answer 25

absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion

Question 26

example of an enzyme inducer

Answer 26

phenobarbital

Question 27

example of an enzyme inhibitor

Answer 27

chloramphenicol

Question 28

example of an urinary alkalinizer

Answer 28

sodium bicarbonate

Question 29

example of an urinary acidifier

Answer 29

ammonium chloride

Question 30

which breed is sensitive to ivermectin

Answer 30

Collies

Question 31

what is tachyphylaxis

Answer 31

acute acquired tolerance

Question 32

examples of idiosyncrasies

Answer 32

enrofloxacin -> retinal damage cats griseofulvin -> liver damage cats captopril -> renal damage dogs

Question 33

example drugs of hypersensitivity

Answer 33

penicillins, sulfonamides, aspirin, morphine, tubocurarine

Question 34

chemical antagonism

Answer 34

EDTA, lead

Question 35

physiological antagonism

Answer 35

epinephrine, histamine; COUNTERS THE EFFECT, DIFFERENT RECEPTOR

Question 36

pharmacological antagonism

Answer 36

competitive (atropine), noncompetitive (epinephrine); ACTS ON THE SAME RECEPTOR