Transcultural Perspectives in Health History and Physical Examination Flashcards
(128 cards)
1
Q
Importance of Language in Health Assessment
A
- Initial Greeting
- History Taking
- Explanation of Procedures
- Follow-up Instructions
2
Q
Use culturally appropriate greetings and forms of
address
A
Initial Greeting
3
Q
Employ clear, simple language and avoid medical jargon.
A
History Taking
4
Q
Provide culturally sensitive descriptions of
examinations and tests.
A
Explanation of Procedures
5
Q
Ensure instructions are understood within the
patient’s cultural context.
A
Follow-up Instructions
6
Q
Cultural Variations in Symptom Presentation
A
- Somatization
- Pain Expression
- Illness Narrative
- Stigma
7
Q
Some cultures express emotional or psychological
distress through physical symptoms, which can
complicate diagnosis.
A
Somatization
8
Q
Cultural norms influence how pain is expressed and communicated, affecting pain assessment and management.
A
Pain Expression
9
Q
The way patients describe their illness and its
perceived causes can vary greatly based on cultural
background.
A
Illness Narrative
10
Q
Certain conditions may carry more stigma in some cultures, leading to underreporting or delayed seeking of care.
A
Stigma
11
Q
Non-verbal Communication Across Cultures
A
- Eye Contact
- Touch
- Time Perception
- Personal Space
12
Q
Varies in appropriateness
and meaning across
cultures.
A
Eye Contact
13
Q
Cultural norms dictate
acceptable forms of
physical contact.
A
Touch
14
Q
Concepts of punctuality
and wait times differ
culturally.
A
Time Perception
15
Q
Preferred physical
distance varies among
cultural groups.
A
Personal Space
16
Q
Culturally Sensitive Physical Examination
A
- Modesty Concerns
- Gender Preferences
- Religious Observances
- Touch Taboos
17
Q
Respect cultural norms
regarding bodily exposure
during examinations.
A
Modesty Concerns
18
Q
Accommodate
preferences for same gender healthcare
providers when possible.
A
Gender Preferences
19
Q
Be aware of religious
practices that may affect
examination timing or
procedures.
A
Religious Observances
20
Q
Understand cultural
restrictions on touching
certain body parts or
using specific hands.
A
Touch Taboos
21
Q
- No meat
consumption - Potential B12
deficiency
A
Vegetarian Hindu
22
Q
- Halal foods, Ramadan fasting
- Altered medication schedules during Ramadan
A
Muslim
23
Q
- Kosher diet
- Restrictions on certain food combinations
A
Jewish
24
Q
The term “kosher” means “pure” and the diet is based on a 3,000-year-old set of rules.
A
kosher diet
25
Family Dynamics and Health Decision-Making
- Individual-Centered
- Family-Centered
- Community-Centered
- Hierarchical
26
Patient makes
autonomous decisions
about their healthcare.
Individual-Centered
27
Family members actively
participate in health
decisions.
Family-Centered
28
Community leaders or
elders influence health
choices.
Community-Centered
29
Decisions made by family
patriarch or matriarch.
Hierarchical
30
Pain Assessment Across Cultures
- Stoicism
- Expressiveness
- Cultural Metaphors
31
Some cultures value enduring pain
silently, potentially masking severity.
Stoicism
32
Other cultures encourage open expression of pain and discomfort.
Expressiveness
33
Pain descriptions may use culture specific language or metaphors.
Cultural Metaphors
34
Traditional Healing Practices
- Acupuncture
- Ayurveda
- Curanderismo
- Native American Healing
35
Traditional Chinese
medicine using needle
insertion to balance energy flow.
Acupuncture
36
Indian holistic healing
system focusing on balance of mind, body, and spirit.
Ayurveda
37
Latin American folk healing combining indigenous and
Catholic elements.
Curanderismo
38
Incorporates natural
remedies, spirituality, and
ceremonial practices.
Native American Healing
39
Cultural Aspects of Mental
Health Assessment
- Symptom Presentation
- Stigma
- Help-Seeking Behaviors
- Treatment Preferences
40
Cultural variations in
expressing mental health
symptoms.
Symptom Presentation
41
Differing levels of stigma
associated with mental
illness across cultures.
Stigma
42
Cultural influences on
willingness to seek
professional mental health care.
Help-Seeking Behaviors
43
Cultural beliefs affecting
acceptance of various
mental health interventions.
Treatment Preferences
44
Culturally Competent Health Education
- Language
- Imagery
- Family Involvement
- Respect
45
Provide materials in
patient's preferred language.
Language
46
Use culturally appropriate
and relatable visual aids.
Imagery
47
Include family members in education when culturally appropriate.
Family Involvement
48
Acknowledge and
incorporate traditional
health beliefs.
Respect
49
Challenges in Cross-Cultural Health Assessment
- Language Barriers
- Cultural Misunderstandings
- Time Constraints
50
Miscommunication due to linguistic differences or inadequate interpretation.
Language Barriers
51
Misinterpretation of cultural practices or beliefs leading to
inappropriate care.
Cultural Misunderstandings
52
Insufficient time to fully explore cultural factors in busy healthcare settings.
Time Constraints
53
Ethical Considerations in
Transcultural Care
- Autonomy
- Beneficence
- Justice
- Non-maleficence
54
Respecting patient's right
to make decisions based
on cultural values.
Autonomy
55
Ensuring cultural
practices do not harm
patient's health
Beneficence
56
Providing equitable care
regardless of cultural
background
Justice
57
Avoiding cultural
stereotyping or
discrimination in care
delivery.
Non-maleficence
58
Understanding Biocultural Variations
- Biological Factors
- Cultural Factors
- Environmental Factors
59
Genetic predispositions and physiological adaptations influence
health outcomes across
populations.
Biological Factors
60
Beliefs, practices, and lifestyle choices shape health behaviors and
perceptions of illness.
Cultural Factors
61
Geographic location and
socioeconomic conditions impact health risks and access to care
Environmental Factors
62
63
Genetic Variations Across
Populations
- Allele Frequencies
- Disease Susceptibility
- Pharmacogenomics
64
For example, the frequency of the sickle cell gene, which provides resistance to malaria, is
higher in populations of African descent due to historical exposure to this disease. This highlights the influence of geographical location and environmental factors on
genetic variations
Allele Frequencies
65
Variations in genes related to lactose metabolism can
influence the prevalence of lactose intolerance, which is more common in East Asian populations compared to Northern European populations.
Disease Susceptibility`
66
The response to certain medications, like warfarin, can vary based on genetic
differences in drug metabolizing enzymes. For instance, individuals of Asian descent may require lower doses of warfarin compared to Caucasians due to
variations in the CYP2C9 gene.
Pharmacogenomics
67
Integrating Genomics in
Cultural Assessments
- Family History
- Genetic Testing
- Interpretation
- Counseling
68
Collect comprehensive
family health information,
considering cultural factors.
Family History
69
Offer culturally sensitive
explanations of genetic
testing options and
implications
Genetic Testing
70
Analyze results in context of patient's ethnic background and cultural beliefs.
Interpretation
71
Provide culturally
appropriate genetic
counseling and support.
Counseling
72
- Pain Expression: Verbal, Facial
- Pain Tolerance: Moderate
Western
73
Pain Expression: Stoic, Minimal
Pain Tolerance: High
East Asian
74
Pain Expression: Expressive, Vocal
Pain Tolerance: Low
Mediterranean
75
Case Study: Hemoglobin A1C
- African Americans
- Asian Americans
- Hispanic Americans
76
Higher average HbA1c levels, potentially overestimating
diabetes risk
African Americans
77
Lower HbA1c levels at onset of diabetes compared to
other groups.
Asian Americans
78
Intermediate HbA1c levels, requiring consideration of
other risk factors
Hispanic Americans
79
Cultural Competence in
Laboratory Testing
- Pre-Test Education
- Sample Collection
- Result Interpretation
- Follow-Up Care
80
Provide culturally appropriate
explanations of test purposes
and procedures.
Pre-Test Education
81
Consider cultural sensitivities regarding blood draws and
other sampling methods.
Sample Collection
82
Use ethnicity-specific
reference ranges when
available and clinically
relevant.
Result Interpretation
83
Develop culturally tailored
interventions based on test results
Follow-Up Care
84
Ethical Considerations in
Biocultural Health
- Privacy
- Equity
- Research
85
Protect genetic information and respect cultural views on data
sharing.
Privacy
86
Ensure fair access to genetic testing and personalized medicine
across populations.
Equity
87
Conduct inclusive studies that represent diverse populations in
genomic research.
Research
88
Major Cultural Belief Systems
- Christianity
- Islam
- Hinduism
- Buddhism
89
Emphasizes faith in Jesus
Christ and the concept of
salvation. Influences views on life, death, and healing
Christianity
90
Centers on submission to
Allah. Affects dietary
restrictions, modesty, and
attitudes towards medical
interventions.
Islam
91
Belief in karma and
reincarnation. Influences
perception of illness as
spiritual imbalance.
Hinduism
92
Focuses on achieving
enlightenment. Promotes
mindfulness and
meditation in healing
practices.
Buddhism
93
Indigenous Belief Systems
- Animism
- Shamanism
- Totemism
94
Belief in spirits inhabiting
natural objects. Influences reverence for nature in healing practices.
Animism
95
Spiritual practitioners act
as intermediaries.
Emphasizes spiritual
causes of illness and
healing
Shamanism
96
Kinship with natural phenomena or animals. Affects dietary
practices and cultural identity.
Totemism
97
Secular Belief Systems
- Humanism
- Atheism
- Agnosticism
98
Emphasizes human potential and scientific reasoning. Promotes
evidence-based medical
practices.
Humanism
99
Absence of belief in deities. May influence end-of-life care
decisions
Atheism
100
Uncertainty about existence of higher powers. Can affect
patients' coping mechanisms.
Agnosticism
101
Professional Healing Systems
- Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurveda
102
Evidence-based practices. Focuses on diagnosing and treating specific
conditions. Utilizes advanced technology and pharmacology
Western Medicine
103
Holistic approach. Emphasizes balance of qi energy. Includes
acupuncture, herbal remedies, and
dietary therapy.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
104
Ancient Indian system. Balances mind, body, and spirit. Uses herbal
treatments, yoga, and lifestyle modifications.
Ayurveda
105
Folk Healing Systems
- Cultural Transmission
- Holistic Approach
- Local Resources
106
Passed down through generations. Often oral
traditions within families or communities.
Cultural Transmission
107
Addresses physical, spiritual, and emotional
aspects. Emphasizes balance with nature and
community.
Holistic Approach
108
Utilizes indigenous plants and materials. Rituals
and practices specific to local culture.
Local Resources
109
- Scientific,
evidence-based
- Formal education
- Strict licensing
Professional
Healing
110
- Traditional,
experiential
- Apprenticeship,
inheritance
- Informal,
community based
Folk Healing
111
Non-mainstream practices used alongside or instead of conventional medicine, often focusing on addressing the root cause of illness and promoting well-being
Complementary and
Alternative Medicine (CAM)
112
Mind-Body Therapies
- Meditation
- Yoga
- Tai Chi
- Biofeedback
113
Focuses on mindfulness and awareness. Reduces stress and improves mental health.
Meditation
114
Combines physical postures with breathing techniques. Enhances flexibility and mental clarity
Yoga
115
Gentle martial art form.
Improves balance, reduces anxiety, and promotes overall well-being.
Tai Chi
116
Uses technology to control physiological processes. Helps manage pain and stress-related conditions.
Biofeedback
117
Biologically Based Practices
- Herbal Medicine
- Dietary Supplements
- Special Diets
118
Uses plant-based
remedies. Addresses
various health conditions
based on traditional
knowledge.
Herbal Medicine
119
Includes vitamins,
minerals, and probiotics.
Supports overall health
and addresses specific
deficiencies.
Dietary Supplements
120
Tailored nutritional approaches. Examples include macrobiotic
and raw food diets.
Special Diets
121
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods
- Massage Therapy
- Acupuncture
- Chiropractic Care
122
Manipulates soft tissues. Relieves muscle tension and promotes relaxation.
Massage Therapy
123
Inserts thin needles into specific points. Balances energy flow and alleviates various conditions.
Acupuncture
124
Focuses on spinal manipulation.
Addresses musculoskeletal issues
and improves overall function
Chiropractic Care
125
Energy Therapies
- Reiki
- Therapeutic Touch
- Magnetic Therapy
126
A Japanese technique for stress reduction where a practitioner channels energy through their
hands to promote healing
Reiki
127
Focuses on balancing energy fields. Practitioners use their
hands to detect and manipulate energy imbalances.
Therapeutic Touch
128
Uses magnetic fields applied to the body. It is claimed to improve
circulation and reduce pain.
Magnetic Therapy
