Transfusion

Question 1

what is the minimum criteria for men to donate blood?

Answer 1

Hb 135g/L and weight 50kg at least

Question 2

what is the minimum criteria for women to donate blood?

Answer 2

Hb 125g/L and weight 50kg at least

Question 3

the bag of whole blood is ———— to separate into component parts?

Answer 3

centrifuged

Question 4

the blood samples are tested for? (6)

Answer 4

HIV, Hep B, Hep C, Hep E, HTLV, Syphilis

Question 5

red cells are stored at?

Answer 5

4 degrees for 35 days

Question 6

FFP is stored at?

Answer 6

-30 degrees for 3 years

Question 7

platelets are stored at?

Answer 7

22 degrees for 7 days with agitation

Question 8

what are the blood components available form the transfusion lab?

Answer 8

red cells, FFP, platelets, cryoprecipitate

Question 9

what are the blood products available from the transfusion lab?

Answer 9

Anti D immunoglobulin, prothrombin complex concentrate

Question 10

what are the blood products available from the pharmacy?

Answer 10

iv immunoglobulin, human albumin, specific Ig

Question 11

what chromosome is the ABO system on?

Answer 11

chromosome 9

Question 12

what are A and B genes?

Answer 12

they code for transferases which modify precursor called H substance on red cell membrane

Question 13

A and B are ————- over O

Answer 13

dominant

Question 14

A and B are?

Answer 14

co dominant

Question 15

O is?

Answer 15

silent

Question 16

what are the commonly encountered blood group in populations?

Answer 16

A and O group

Question 17

what is the most common blood group?

Answer 17

O

Question 18

what antigens are present on A group red cells?

Answer 18

A

Question 19

what antigens are present on B group red cells?

Answer 19

B

Question 20

what antigens are present in AB group red cells?

Answer 20

A and B

Question 21

what antigens are present on O group red cells?

Answer 21

neither

Question 22

what is the Lansteiner’s law?

Answer 22

when an individual lacks the A or B antigen the corresponding antibody is producing in their plasma

Question 23

naturally occurring antibodies cause?

Answer 23

hemolysis of red cells expressing the specific antigen

Question 24

what antibodies are present in the plasma of A group?

Answer 24

anti B

Question 25

what antibodies are present AB group?

Answer 25

neither

Question 26

what antibodies are present in O group?

Answer 26

anti-A and anti-B

Question 27

which blood group can donate to all ABO groups?

Answer 27

O group

Question 28

which blood group can only donate to its blood group and AB blood gorup>

Answer 28

A or B

Question 29

which blood group can donate to AB blood group only?

Answer 29

AB

Question 30

what is the next most important antigen after AA & B?

Answer 30

RhD

Question 31

what percentage of the population are RhD positive?

Answer 31

85%

Question 32

d in RhD is?

Answer 32

silent

Question 33

avoid exposing RhD negative people to?

Answer 33

D antigen through transfusion eg. RhD negative blood to RhD negative people

Question 34

Anti-D antibody can cause?

Answer 34

transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Question 35

what are the aims of pre-transfusion testing?

Answer 35

identify ABO and RhD group of patient | identity the presence of clinically significant antibodies

Question 36

what reagents with known antibody specificity identify antigens present on red cells?

Answer 36

antisera

Question 37

red cells with known antigen specificity identify antibodies present in plasma

Answer 37

reagent red cells

Question 38

antigen on red cells bind to the antibody specific for antigen of interest?

Answer 38

agglutination of red cells

Question 39

how does ABO/D groups work?

Answer 39

test the patient's red cells with anti-A, anti-B and anti-D antisera: identify antigens on the red cells test the patient's plasma against reagent red cells of group A and group B - identify antibodies in the plasma

Question 40

IgM reagents cause?

Answer 40

direct agglutination

Question 41

how does antibody screening work?

Answer 41

test the patient's plasma against several reagent red cells which express a known range of antigens

Question 42

what is the aim of antibody screening?

Answer 42

identify antibodies in the plasma | use the indeirect anti-globulin test

Question 43

what is the indirect anti-globulin test?

Answer 43

addition of anti-human globulin to plasma/red cells suspension facilitates red cell agglutination

Question 44

in the indirect anti globulin test agglutination indicates?

Answer 44

presence of antibody

Question 45

perform crossmatch?

Answer 45

to check donor cells are compatible with patients plasma

Question 46

in IAAT agglutination?

Answer 46

indicated do not cells are incompatible with patient plasma

Question 47

indications for red cells transfusion?

Answer 47

Symptomatic anaemia Hb<70g/L (80g/L if cardiac disease) | Major bleeding

Question 48

indications for platelet transfusion?

Answer 48

Prophylaxis in patients with bone marrow failure and very low platelet counts Treatment of bleeding in thrombocytopenic patient Prophylaxis prior to surgery/ procedure in thrombocytopenic patient

Question 49

indications for FFp transfusion.

Answer 49

Treatment of bleeding in patient with coagulopathy (PT ratio >1.5) Prophylaxis prior to surgery or procedure in patient with coagulopathy (PT ratio >1.5) Management of massive haemorrhage Transfuse early in trauma not in absence of bleeding/planned procedure