Transfusion reactions

Question 1

Acute transfusion reaction occurs within

Answer 1

24 hours of transfusion.

Question 2

Delayed transfusion reaction occurs

Answer 2

after 24 hours of transfusion.

Question 3

Acute immunologic transfusion reaction involves interaction between

Answer 3

antigen-antibody.

Question 4

Acute immunologic transfusion reactions causes

Answer 4

Hemolytic, febrile nonhemolytic, allergic, TRALI.

Question 5

Acute nonimmunologic transfusion reactions causes

Answer 5

Bacterial contamination, circulatory overload, physician/chemical hemolysis.

Question 6

Delayed immunologic transfusion reactions causes

Answer 6

Hemolytic, transfusion-associated graft versus host disease, post transfusion purpura.

Question 7

Delayed nonimmunologic transfusion reactions causes

Answer 7

Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis, disease transmission.

Question 8

Hemolytic transfusion reaction cause

Answer 8

Immune system attacks transfused RBCs due to incompatible blood (ABO mismatch or clerical error).

Question 9

Hemolytic transfusion reaction reaction period

Answer 9

Occurs within 1-2 hours.

Question 10

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) cause

Answer 10

Antileukocyte antibodies or platelet storage changes.

Question 11

Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction (FNHTR) symptoms

Answer 11

1°C increase in body temperature, immune-mediated or platelet storage related.

Question 12

Allergic transfusion reaction cause

Answer 12

Recipient antibodies react to an allergen in the blood component.

Question 13

Allergic transfusion reaction symptoms

Answer 13

Weals, hives, erythema, pruritus; severe cases may include anaphylactoid or anaphylactic reactions.

Question 14

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) cause

Answer 14

Anti-WBC antibodies from donor interact with recipient leukocytes.

Question 15

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) symptoms

Answer 15

Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema.

Question 16

Bacterial contamination in transfusion cause

Answer 16

Blood products contaminated by bacteria during collection or storage.

Question 17

Circulatory overload in transfusion cause

Answer 17

Rapid infusion of large volumes of blood causing heart failure.

Question 18

Physician/chemical hemolysis cause

Answer 18

Mishandling or exposure to chemicals during transfusion.

Question 19

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) cause

Answer 19

New red cell antibodies detected after 24 hours of transfusion.

Question 20

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (DHTR) mechanism

Answer 20

Amnestic immune response or primary immune response with potential shortened cell survival.

Question 21

Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) cause

Answer 21

Amnestic immune response or primary immune response, often due to HPA-1a antigen.

Question 22

Post-transfusion purpura (PTP) symptoms

Answer 22

Profound thrombocytopenia, bleeding, 1 to 24 days after transfusion.

Question 23

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) cause

Answer 23

Immunologic attack by viable donor lymphocytes in transfused blood.

Question 24

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) mechanism

Answer 24

Donor T cells attack recipient tissues.

Question 25

Transfusion-induced hemosiderosis cause

Answer 25

Iron overload from frequent blood transfusions.

Question 26

Disease transmission from transfusion cause

Answer 26

Infectious agents transmitted via transfused blood products.

Question 27

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) symptoms

Answer 27

Respiratory distress, hypoxemia, cough, headache, chest tightness, hypertension, jugular vein distention.

Question 28

Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload (TACO) cause

Answer 28

Exceeding the cardiovascular system’s ability to handle additional workload, leading to congestive heart failure.

Question 29

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) cause

Answer 29

Incompatible blood.

Question 30

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) timing

Answer 30

Occurs within minutes.

Question 31

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings

Answer 31

Free hemoglobin in urine, DAT (+), intravascular hemolysis.

Question 32

Immediate Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) complications

Answer 32

Hypotension, DIC, acute renal failure.

Question 33

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) timing

Answer 33

Occurs 3-7 days after transfusion.

Question 34

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings (Blood)

Answer 34

Bilirubin, Methalbumin.

Question 35

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings (Urine)

Answer 35

Urobilinogen, Hemosiderin.

Question 36

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) findings

Answer 36

DAT (+), Extravascular hemolysis.

Question 37

Delayed Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (TR) complications

Answer 37

Unexplained depletion of Hgb and Hct, leading to anemia.