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Master the boards: Surgery > Trauma and Shock > Flashcards

Trauma and Shock Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

What is the mainstay of trauma management?

A

ABC’s

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2
Q

What condition is commonly found when intubating?

A

Torus Palatinus: benign bony growth on the hard palate

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3
Q

What is the etiology of pericardial tamponade?

A

Trauma with penetration to the pericardium: secondary to broken ribs, knives or bullet wounds

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4
Q

What are common s/s of pericardial tamponade?

A

JVD, Hypotension, muffled heart sounds (Beck’s triad)
EKG: with electrical alterans

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5
Q

What condition presents with Electrical Alternans on EKG?

A

pericardial tamponade

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6
Q

How do you diagnose pericardial tamponade?

A

Cardiac Echo

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7
Q

How do you treat pericardial tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis

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8
Q

What is the etiology of Pneumothorax?

A

Air in the pleural space

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9
Q

What are common s/s of a pneumothorax?

A

Chest pain, hyperresonance and decreased breath sounds

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10
Q

How do you diagnose a pneumothorax?

A

CXR

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11
Q

How do you treat a pneumothorax?

A

Chest tube placement

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12
Q

What is the etiology of a tension Pneumothorax?

A

Air in the pleural space through a one-way leak

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13
Q

What are common s/s of a tension Pneumothorax?

A

Chest pain, Hyperresonance and decreased breath sounds
Tracheal deviation away from the involved lung

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14
Q

How do you diagnose a tension Pneumothorax?

A

CXR

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15
Q

How do you treat a tension Pneumothorax?

A

Immediate needle decompression followed by chest tube placement

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16
Q

What is the etiology of a hemothorax?

A

Blood in the pleural space

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17
Q

What are common signs and symptoms of a hemothorax?

A

Absent breath sounds and dullness to percussion

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18
Q

How do you diagnose a hemothorax?

A

Blunting of costophrenic angle on CXR and CT scan

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19
Q

How do you treat a hemothorax?

A

Chest tube drainage and possible Thoracotomy

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20
Q

What condition pushes the trachea away from the involved lung?

A

Tension Pneumothorax

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21
Q

What condition pulls the trachea toward the involved lung?

A

Atelectasis

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22
Q

How do you diagnose SIRS?

A

At least 2 of the 4 SIRS criteria are present

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23
Q

What are the SIRS criteria?

A

Temperature <96.8 or >100.4
HR >90
Tachypnea >20 or PCO2<32
WBC <4,000 or >12,000

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24
Q

What condition has 2 SIRS criteria + a source of infection?

A

Sepesis

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25
What condition has 2 SIRS criteria + a source of infection + organ dysfunction?
Severe sepsis
26
What condition has 2 SIRS criteria + a source of infection + organ dysfunction + hypotension?
Septic Shock
27
When does shock occur?
When the tissues in the body do not receive enough oxygen and nutrients to allow the cell to function
28
What are the 4 major kinds of shock?
Hypovolemic Cardiogenic Neurogenic Sepetic
29
What are common systemic symptoms seen in shock?
Brain: confused Liver: increased AST and ALT Kidney: Increased Bun:Cr ratio Heart: chest pain, SOB Blood: Increased lactic acid
30
What are S/S of Hypovolemic Shock?
Pale and cool
31
What happens to Central Venous Pressure (CVP) in Hypovolemic Shock?
Decreases
32
What happens to Systemic vascular resistiance (SVR) in Hypovolemic Shock?
Increases
33
What happens to HR in Hypovolemic Shock?
Increases
34
What happens to Cardiac output in Hypovolemic Shock?
Decreases
35
What happens to PCWP in Hypovolemic Shock?
Decreases
36
How do you treat Hypovolemic Shock?
Fluids and pressors
37
What is the most common cause of Hypovolemic Shock?
Massive hemorrhage
38
What are S/S of Cardiogenic shock?
Pale and cool
39
What happens to CVP in Cardiogenic shock?
Increases
40
What happens to SVR in Cardiogenic shock?
increases
41
What happens to HR in Cardiogenic shock?
Increases
42
What happens to CO in Cardiogenic shock?
Decreases
43
What happens to PCWP in Cardiogenic shock?
Increases
44
How do you treat Cardiogenic shock?
Treat cardiac problem
45
What is the most common cause of Cardiogenic shock?
Myocardial Infarction
46
What are S/S of Neurogenic shock?
Warm
47
What happens to CVP in Neurogenic shock?
Decreases
48
What happens to SVR in Neurogenic shock?
Decreases
49
What happens to HR in Neurogenic shock?
Increases
50
What happens to CO in Neurogenic shock?
Decreases
51
What happens to PCWP in Neurogenic shock?
decreases
52
How do you treat Neurogenic shock?
Fluids and pressors
53
What is the most common cause of Neurogenic shock?
Spinal cord injury: Cervical or thoracic
54
What are S/S of Septic Shock?
Warm and faint
55
What happens to CVP in Septic Shock?
Decreases
56
What happens to SVR in Septic Shock?
Decreases
57
What happens to HR in Septic Shock?
Increases
58
What happens to CO in Septic Shock?
Increases
59
What happens to PCWP in Septic Shock?
no change
60
How do you treat Septic Shock?
Fluids, abx, pressors
61
What are the most common causes of Septic Shock?
E. Coli and S. Aureus
62
What types of shock show an increased CVP?
Cardiogenic
63
What types of shock show an increased SVR?
Hypovolemic and Cardiogenic
64
What type of Shock have an increased HR?
All
65
What types of shock have an increased CO?
Septic
66
What types of shock have an increased PCWP?
Cardiogenic
67
What are S/S of anaphylactic shock?
Warm/flushed
68
What happens to Cardiac output in Anaphylactic shock?
Increased
69
What happens to PCWP in anaphylactic shock?
Decreased
70
How do you treat Anaphylactic shock?
Epinephrine

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