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trauma exam Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

beck’s triad

A

classic signs of a cardiac tamponade

hypotension

bulging neck veins

muffled heart sounds

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2
Q

signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax

A

shortness of breath and chest pain

decreased breath sounds on effected side

tachycardia

tachypnea

JVD

tracheal deviation

hypotension

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3
Q

signs and symptoms of hypothermia

A

tachycardia

hypertension

tachypnea

temperature less than 95 degrees

shivering

J wave (osborn wave)

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4
Q

what is hypovolemic shock

A

loss of blood or fluids leading to poor perfusion

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5
Q

what is distributive shock

A

vasodilation and increased permeability, common in sepsis, anaphylaxis, or spinal chord injury

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6
Q

what is obstructive shock

A

blockage preventing blood flow, such as tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism

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7
Q

what is dissociative shock

A

impaired oxygen delivery at the cellular level, as in carbon monoxide poisoning

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8
Q

what is cardiogenic shock

A

heart’s inability to pump effectively, often due to MI or valve problems

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9
Q

how can we help increase clotting in trauma patient who is bleeding

A

direct pressure, hemostatic dressings, tourniquets, keep them warm

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10
Q

what is a la forte I fracture

A

horizontal fracture of maxilla, separating teeth from upper face

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11
Q

what is a la forte II fracture

A

pyramidal fracture of maxilla, crossing nose and down to cheeks

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12
Q

what is a la forte III fracture

A

transverse fracture crossing orbits, detaching face from cranial base

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13
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a tracheal laceration

A

stridor, subcutaneous emphysema, hemoptysis, hoarseness, difficulty breathing

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14
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a frontal lobe injury

A

personality changes, impaired judgement, motor skill issues, mood swings.

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15
Q

what is the treatment for a scalp avulsion

A

control bleeding with direct pressure, cleanse wound

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16
Q

what is the first thing you need to do for someone with a lacerated tongue

A

clear the airway with suctioning if they are altered or unresponsive

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17
Q

what should you know about hydrofluoric acid burns

A

causes deep burns, may affect deep tissue, and needs specific treatment with calcium gluconate gel. they may be worse than initially suspected

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18
Q

where is the liver located

A

upper right quadrant of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm

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19
Q

what happens within the thoracic cavity when there is a negative pressure environment

A

ambient air enters lungs, venous blood returns to the heart. (normal state)

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20
Q

what is Cullen’s sign?

A

bruising around the umbilicus indicating intra-abdominal bleeding

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21
Q

what is kehr’s sign

A

referred pain to the left shoulder due to diaphragmatic or spleen injury

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22
Q

what is grey-turner’s sign

A

bruising on the flanks, indicating retroperitoneal hemmorrhage

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23
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of a ruptured bowel

A

severe abdominal pain, nausea, fever, signs of peritonitis

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24
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of acute diverticulitis

A

lower left abdominal pain, fever, bloating, and altered bowel habits

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25
what is the treatment for an open injury of the abdomen where the intestines are protruding
cover with sterile, moist dressing; do not push intestines back; transport to surgery
26
what is the treatment for an arterial bleed in the arm
direct pressure, elevate, possibly tourniquet if uncontrollable
27
what is the treatment for a lung contusion
oxygen, pain control, monitor breathing, possible intubation
28
what are the signs and symptoms of rib fractures
pain on breathing, tenderness, swelling, crepitus
29
what are the signs and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade
beck's triad (low bp, muffled heart tones, jvdO, pulsus paradoxus
30
what are the signs and symptoms of traumatic asphyxiation
facial cyanosis, petechiae, jvd; often after crush injuries
31
what are the signs and symptoms of a pneumothorax
sob, decreased breath sounds on affected sides, chest pain
32
what are the signs and symptoms of an aortic dissection
tearing chest pain, bp difference between arms, pulse deficits
33
what are the signs and symptoms of a flail chest
paradoxical chest movement, chest pain, shortness of breath
34
what are the signs and symptoms of a ruptured diaphragm
abdominal sounds in chest, difficulty breathing, chest pain
35
what are the signs and symptoms of a cardiac contusion
chest pain, arrythmias, ecg changes, bruisin
36
what are the signs and symptoms of a hemothorax
shortness of breath, decreased breath sounds, dullness on percussion
37
what are the signs and symptoms of a flail segment
paradoxical chest movement with multiple rib fractures
38
what is the treatment for tension pneumothorax
needle decompression, chest tube insertion, oxygen
39
what is cushing's triad
hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations
40
when should you perform a cricothyrotomy
failed airway with no other options
41
what are the signs and symptoms of a cervical spine injury
pain, paralysis, altered sensation; after high impact trauma
42
what is the treatment for a patient with a cervical spine injury
immobilize c-spine, maintain airway, transport
43
what are the signs and symptoms of distributive shock
flushed skin, warm, low bp; seen in sepsis, anaphylaxis
44
what is the treatment for airway burns
maintain airway (consider early intubation), consider RSI or DSI, monitor for swelling, humidified oxygen
45
what is a sprain
ligament injury due to overstretching
46
what is a strain
muscle or tendon injury due to overstretching
47
what is a dislocation
joint displacement from normal alignment
48
what is a fracture
break in the bone
49
how do we hold c-spine
two handed, one on either side of the head
50
what would cause minimal bleeding in amputated fingers
vasoconstriction or clotting
51
what would cause minimal bleeding in amputated fingers
vasoconstriction or clotting
52
what are the signs of a pelvic fracture
pelvic pain, instability; often from high-impact injuries
53
does a heart murmur patient need transport for a leg injury
consult medical direction; often yes due to endocarditis risk
54
what are the signs of cerebral herniation
decreased consciousness, pupil changes, posturing
55
how to treat a shivering trauma patient
warm blankets, warm IV fluids, remove wet clothing
56
initial reaction to blood loss
tachycardia, vasoconstriction
57
shock type in a football game injury with hypotension and bradycardia
neurogenic shock
58
suspected crush syndrome; acidotic or alkalotic? hypokalemia, or hyperkalemia?
acidotic; hyperkalemia
59
signs of a subdural hematoma
headache, pupil changes, consciousness alteration
60
criteria for a glascow coma score
eye, verbal, motor responses
61
what factors determine ground or air transport
severity, distance to hospital, weather, resources
62
should you obtain a refusal for a trauma patient with a high index of suspicion for serious injuries
generally no; high risk
63
what medications increase bleeding risk in trauma
anticoagulants
64
what are signs of hypovolemic shock
pale, cool skin; tachycardia; low bp; caused by severe bleeding or fluid loss
65
a patient presents with hypotension, tachycardia one day after a traumatic event. pt c/o pain in her back and left shoulder. what kind of shock should you suspect
hemorrhagic
66
after splinting you cannot feel a pulse, what should you do
loosen the splint and reassess for circulation
67
diaphragmatic irritation pain goes where
left shoulder
68
how do we treat a patient impaled on rebar in the upper abdomen
manually stabilize the object
69
how do we treat open neck wounds
cover with an occlusive dressing to prevent the risk of an air embolus
70
how do you calculate estimated surface area burns using the rule of nines
Adults: Head/neck: 9%, Each arm: 9%, Each leg: 18%, Front torso: 18%, Back torso: 18%, Groin: 1%. Superficial burns aren't counted in TBSA.
71
how do you treat a dog bite
clean with soap and water, consult a physician, and monitor for infection
72
how do you treat a dry chemical burn
brush off dry chemical, then rinse with water for 20 minutes
73
on what parts of the body do we use an occlusive dressing
chest (for pneumothorax), abdominal injuries, or anywhere needing an airtight seal
74
unconscious stabbing patient presents with hypotension, tachycardia, tachypena, present lung sounds with jvd. what do you suspect
pericardial tamponade
75
what are the five primary categories of shock
hypovolemic, distributive, obstructive, dissociative, cardiogenic
76
what are the signs and symptoms of a fracture trachea
pain, swelling, difficulty breathing, stridor, subcutaneous emphysema, voice change, hemoptysis
77
what are the signs and symptoms of a ruptured diaphragm
abdominal sounds in chest, difficulty breathing, chest pain
78
what are the signs and symptoms of an aortic dissection
tearing chest pain, bp difference between arms, pulse deficits
79
what are the signs and symptoms of rib fractures
pain on breathing, tenderness, swelling, crepitus
80
what are the signs/symptoms of brown-sequard syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by a lesion in the spinal cord which results in weakness or paralysis (hemiparaplegia) on one side of the body and a loss of sensation (hemianesthesia) on the opposite side
81
what area of the brain is affected or a patient with head trauma who has bradycardia, hypertension, irregular respirations and withdraws from pain
medulla
82
what do third degree burns look like
dry, leathery, white, black, yellow, or brown
83
what is compartment syndrome
increased pressure in a muscle compartment, causing potential muscle and nerve damage
84
what is the most common cause of a coup-contrecoup injury
a vehicle collision
85
what is the treatment for a fracture limb that is pulseless and blue
apply gentle traction and realign the bones
86
what is the treatment for a trauma patient with asymmetrical chest rise
bvm
87
what should you do when you hear gurgling respirations
position the patient on their side, clear airway, provide high-flow oxygen
88
what type of IV fluid should you use in a burn patient with 60% burns over his body
lactated ringers
89
when do you apply a toruniquet
for life-threatening bleeding from an extremity not controlled by direct pressure
90
when do you use an occlusive dressing
for sucking chest wounds, open pneumothorax, and some open abdominal injuries
91
when should you change your gloves when dealing with multiple trauma patients
prior to contact with each patient
92
where should you transport a burn patient who also has suspected trauma
level 1 trauma center
93
you have a combative or confused trauma victim. what is your number 1 concern
hypoxia
94
Pt describes a dark curtain blocking his vision. You should suspect:
retinal detatchment
95
what etco2 should a head injury patient be maitained at
30-40
96
Fall from bleachers, pt cannot feel lower leg fracture, weak pulse, low BP, diaphragmatic breathing with WARM skin. You should suspect:
distributive shock
97
How do we treat a patient with metal shavings in his eye?
bandage both eyes with sterile gauze
98
what is the care of an amputated finger
wrap it in moist, sterile gauze
99
what signs and symptoms would indicate peritonitis
Previous penetrating trauma * Generalized guarding and tenderness * BP slightly lowered * No orthostatic changes
100
what should you suspect if you see hypotension in a head-injury patient
that hte cause is something other than the head injury
101
what is the most serious sign of hypothermia
altered mental status
102
where should you transport a burn patient who also has suspected trauma
level 1 trauma center
103
you have a combative or confused trauma victim. what is your number 1 concern
hypoxia
104
brown sequard dyndrome
is a rare neurological condition characterized by a lesion in the spinal cord which results in weakness or paralysis (hemiparaplegia) on one side of the body and a loss of sensation (hemianesthesia) on the opposite side * It affects only one half of the body
105
diaghragmatic irritation goes where
referred left shoulder pain
106
they are going to describe a chest injury that sound like a tension pneumothorax but isn't because the neck veins are flat
the injury is a hemothorax
107
central cord syndrome
Characterized by more severe upper extremity weakness compared to lower extremities, often resulting from a cervical spinal cord injury.
108
anterior cord syndrome
Caused by damage to the anterior portion of the spinal cord, leading to motor paralysis and loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of injury.
109
posterior cord syndrome
Characterized by loss of proprioception (sense of body position) and vibration sense below the level of injury, while motor function, pain, and temperature sensation are preserved.

paramedic (18 decks)

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