trauma exam Flashcards
beck’s triad
classic signs of a cardiac tamponade
hypotension
bulging neck veins
muffled heart sounds
signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax
shortness of breath and chest pain
decreased breath sounds on effected side
tachycardia
tachypnea
JVD
tracheal deviation
hypotension
signs and symptoms of hypothermia
tachycardia
hypertension
tachypnea
temperature less than 95 degrees
shivering
J wave (osborn wave)
what is hypovolemic shock
loss of blood or fluids leading to poor perfusion
what is distributive shock
vasodilation and increased permeability, common in sepsis, anaphylaxis, or spinal chord injury
what is obstructive shock
blockage preventing blood flow, such as tension pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism
what is dissociative shock
impaired oxygen delivery at the cellular level, as in carbon monoxide poisoning
what is cardiogenic shock
heart’s inability to pump effectively, often due to MI or valve problems
how can we help increase clotting in trauma patient who is bleeding
direct pressure, hemostatic dressings, tourniquets, keep them warm
what is a la forte I fracture
horizontal fracture of maxilla, separating teeth from upper face
what is a la forte II fracture
pyramidal fracture of maxilla, crossing nose and down to cheeks
what is a la forte III fracture
transverse fracture crossing orbits, detaching face from cranial base
what are the signs and symptoms of a tracheal laceration
stridor, subcutaneous emphysema, hemoptysis, hoarseness, difficulty breathing
what are the signs and symptoms of a frontal lobe injury
personality changes, impaired judgement, motor skill issues, mood swings.
what is the treatment for a scalp avulsion
control bleeding with direct pressure, cleanse wound
what is the first thing you need to do for someone with a lacerated tongue
clear the airway with suctioning if they are altered or unresponsive
what should you know about hydrofluoric acid burns
causes deep burns, may affect deep tissue, and needs specific treatment with calcium gluconate gel. they may be worse than initially suspected
where is the liver located
upper right quadrant of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm
what happens within the thoracic cavity when there is a negative pressure environment
ambient air enters lungs, venous blood returns to the heart. (normal state)
what is Cullen’s sign?
bruising around the umbilicus indicating intra-abdominal bleeding
what is kehr’s sign
referred pain to the left shoulder due to diaphragmatic or spleen injury
what is grey-turner’s sign
bruising on the flanks, indicating retroperitoneal hemmorrhage
what are the signs and symptoms of a ruptured bowel
severe abdominal pain, nausea, fever, signs of peritonitis
what are the signs and symptoms of acute diverticulitis
lower left abdominal pain, fever, bloating, and altered bowel habits
