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Clin med A 2 > Trigger - AKI part 1 > Flashcards

Trigger - AKI part 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

this finding can indicate Acute obstruction, cortical necrosis, aortic dissection

A

anuria

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2
Q

this finding is indicative of poor prognosis in AKI

A

oliguria

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3
Q

s/s include encephalopathy, dry skin, HTN and tachypnea.

A

uremia

also:
General - weakness, fatigue
Neuro - tremors, seizures, encephalopathy, confusion, coma
Skin - itching, dryness
Cardiovascular - pericardial effusion, pericarditis, HTN
GI - anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Other - shallow breaths/tachypnea, metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

s/s include weakness, tremors, confusion, pericarditis, metabolic acidosis

A

uremia

also:
General - weakness, fatigue
Neuro - tremors, seizures, encephalopathy, confusion, coma
Skin - itching, dryness
Cardiovascular - pericardial effusion, pericarditis, HTN
GI - anorexia, nausea, vomiting
Other - shallow breaths/tachypnea, metabolic acidosis

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5
Q

low FENa+ (<1%)

A

prerenal azotemia
also see decreased GFR and BUN:Cr as well as hyaline casts on urine sediment

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6
Q

hyaline casts on urine sediment

A

prerenal azotemia

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7
Q

s/s include uremia, diffuse abdominal pain, ileus and decreased urine output

A

prerenal azotemia

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8
Q

tamm-horsfall mucoprotein is associated with what

A

forms the hyaline casts found in prerenal azotemia

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9
Q

etiology of retroperitoneal fibrosis and neurogenic bladder

A

etiologies of postrenal obstruction. i keep forgetting these two specifically

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10
Q

s/s include anuria or polyuria with lower abdominal pain

A

postrenal obstruction

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11
Q

s/s include distended bladder, enlarged prostate or pelvic/abdominal mass

A

postrenal obstruction

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12
Q

urine osmolality of 400 or less

A

postrenal obstruction

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13
Q

urine sediment that is normal but may have RBC, WBC and crystals

A

postrenal obstruction

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14
Q

CK > 20,000-50,000

A

myoglobinuria

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15
Q

false + hemoglobin on urine dipstick

A

myoglobinuria

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16
Q

dark brown urine with no presence of RBC

A

myoglobinuria

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17
Q

complications include hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia

A

myoglobinuria

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18
Q

etiology includes transfusion reaction and hemolytic anemia

A

hemoglobinuria (seen in acute tubular necrosis)

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19
Q

etiology includes rapid cell turnover and lysis such as during chemo

A

hyperuricemia

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20
Q

s/s include arrhythmias, abdominal pain and uremia

A

ATN

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21
Q

hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia and elevated urine sodium

A

ATN

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22
Q

urinary sediment shows pigmented granular casts or “muddy brown” casts, renal tubular cells and epithelial cell casts

A

ATN

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23
Q

protein restriction to avoid metabolic acidosis is part of treatment for what diagnosis

24
Q

cresent lesions and inflammatory lesions

Study These Flashcards
A

acute glomerulonephritis

25
HTN and edema as classic presentation
acurte glomerulonephritis
26
urine containing protein, WBCs, RBCs and RBC casts.
acute glomerulonephritis
27
when antigen excess over antibody production occurs and antigen-antibody complexes get lodged in glomerular basement membrane.
immune complex deposition type acute glomerulonephritis
28
caused by bergers, lupus, endocarditis and strep
immune complex deposition type acute glomerulonephritis
29
caused by Membranoproliferative disease and cryoglobulinemic disease
immune complex deposition type acute glomerulonephritis
30
autoantibodies against glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This can be confined to the kidney or involve lungs as well
Anti-GBM-associated acute glomerulonephritis
31
Anti-GBM-associated acute glomerulonephritis with pulmonary involvement
goodpastures syndrome
32
abnormalities in the alternative complement pathway
C3 glomerulopathy
33
Monoclonal Ig deposited in GBM and/or tubular basement membrane. no excess antigens
monoclonal Ig-Mediated Glomerulonephritis
34
identified with serum protein electrophoresis
monoclonal Ig-Mediated Glomerulonephritis can also use immunofixation and free light chain analysis
35
identified with free light chain analysis and immunofixation
monoclonal Ig-Mediated Glomerulonephritis can also use electrophoresis
36
small-vessel vasculitis associated with Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Pauci-Immune Glomerulonephritis
37
etiologies include hypertensive emergencies or thrombotic microangiopathies
possible causes of acute glomerulonephritis
38
RBC casts on urine sediment
acute glomerulonephritis
39
hematuria and moderate proteinuria with increased serum creatine
acute glomerulonephritis
40
treated with cytotoxic agents and high dose corticosteroids
acute glomerulonephritis
41
PCN rifampin sulfonamides
acute interstitial nephritis
42
eosinophilia
acute interstitial nephritis
43
only AKI presenting with enlarged kidneys on US
acute interstitial nephritis
44
symptoms include rash
acute interstitial nephritis
45
WBC casts
acute interstitial nephritis
46
treat with plasma exchange
pauci immune or good pastures
47
renal tubular cells and epithelial cell casts on urine sediment
acute tubular necrosis
48
AVOID ACE/ARB
prerenal azotemia
49
BUN>20:1
prerenal azotemia postrenal obstruction
50
BUN<20:1
acute tubular necrosis. (i think this represents instrinsic kidney injuries in general)
51
can be caused by bacteria such as strep, staph, diptheria, legionella and ricketssia
acute interstitial nephritisa
52
can be caused by allergies and collagen vascular disease
acute interstitial nephritis
53
what lab value can be seen in a patient who's symtpoms are caused by overuse of NSAIDS
proteinuria proteinuria is not super high in acute interstitial nephritis unless it is caused by the use of NSAIDS.
54
assocaited with hemolytic uremic syndrome
pauci immune GN
55
assocaited with thrombotic thrombocytic purpura
pauci-immune GN

Clin med A 2 (30 decks)

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