trigger - CKD 2

Question 1

immune complex “humps” on kidney biopsy

Answer 1

postinfectious glomerulonephritis

do not confuse with membranous nephropathy which is CAUSED by immune complex deposition

Question 2

smoky coca cola colored urine

Answer 2

glomerulonephritis (MC symptom in bergers IgA)

Question 3

IgA deposition in vessel walls

Answer 3

henoch schonlein purpura

Question 4

presents with arthralgias and abdominal symtpoms (nausea, colic, melena)

Answer 4

henoch schonlein purpura

Question 5

associated with peripheral edema, dyspnea, pleural effusions and ascites

Answer 5

nephrotic syndrome

Question 6

oval fat bodies on urine sediment

Answer 6

nephrotic syndrome with marked HLD

Question 7

grape clusters or maltese crosses on urine sediment

Answer 7

nephrotic syndrome

Question 8

elevated ESR

Answer 8

nephrotic syndrome
and
cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 9

nephrotic syndrome with protein malnutrition and thromboembolic events

Answer 9

minimal change disease!

Question 10

what is the only thing in this lecture that is blatently stated to be treated with corticosteroids

Answer 10

minimal change disease!

it says to use corticosteroids in nephrotic syndromes but only states steroids in the treatment for this disease! so thats what im going with.

(note: in membranous nephropathy you do use “immunosuppressive agents” but idk if thats steroids)

Question 11

caused by immune complex deposition

Answer 11

membranous nephropathy!

Question 12

edema and frothy urine

Answer 12

membranous nephropathy

Question 13

enlarged kidneys are seen in what diagnosis

Answer 13

amyloidosis and ARPKD

Question 14

caused by medications specifically analgesics (2)

Answer 14

• acute interstitial nephritis
• analgesic nephropathy

Question 15

presents with HTN, pain, and hydronephrosis

Answer 15

obstructive uropathy

also presents with: bladder distension

Question 16

may see hematuria or pyuria on UA
serum Cr elevated

Answer 16

obstructive uropathy

Question 17

what three diagnoses present with pyuria

Answer 17

• obstructive uropathy (sometimes)
• analgesic nephropathy
• nephrocalcinosis

Question 18

what presents as frequent UTIs in children

Answer 18

vesicouretal reflux disease

Question 19

when is voiding cystourethrogram used

Answer 19

vesicouretal reflux disease!

Question 20

an adult US shows:
- asymmetric small kidneys
- irregular outlines
- thin cortices
- areas of compensatory hypertrophy

what disease do they likley have?

Answer 20

vesicouretal reflux disease

Question 21

UA shows sloughed papillae

Answer 21

analgesic nephropathy

Question 22

CT shows small scarred kidneys with papillary calcifications

Answer 22

analgesic nephropathy

also see: golf ball on a tee sign and sloughed papillae

Question 23

RBC casts

Answer 23

glomerulonephritis

Question 24

when would you use plasma exchange

Answer 24

goodpastures or pauci-immune glomerulonephritis

Question 25

caused by inceased urinary excretion of Ca, phosphate and/or oxalate

Answer 25

nephrocalcinosis

Question 26

hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D therapy and loop diuretics are all a risk factor for what

Answer 26

nephrocalcinosis

Question 27

what is a risk factor for a cyst being an adenocarcinoma

Answer 27

development of the cyst after onset of dialysis

Question 28

in what diseases do we see renal salt wasting

Answer 28

* medullary cystic kidney disease * autoimmune interstitial nephritis

Question 29

presents as polyuria, pallor, lethagy

Answer 29

medullary cystic kidney disease also presents with: renal salt wasting. can cause HTN and hyperuricemia later on

Question 30

treated with vasopressin receptor antagonists, ocreotide or tolvaptan

Answer 30

ADPKD to prevent cyst growth

Question 31

pt presents with enlarged tubules with small cysts only on the collecting tubules

Answer 31

ARPKD

Question 32

pt presents with impaired urine concentration, metabolic acidosis, and HTN

Answer 32

ARPKD

Question 33

what 2 diseases present with metabolic acidosis

Answer 33

ARPKD autoimmune interstitial nephritis

Question 34

pulmonary hypoplasia due to oligohydramnios is found in what disease

Answer 34

ARPKD

Question 35

what disease can have complications such as potal HTN and periportal fibrosis

Answer 35

ARPKD

Question 36

caused by atherosclerosis

Answer 36

renal artery stenosis

Question 37

unexplained HTN in women under 40 is suggestive of what disease?

Answer 37

renal artery stenosis due to suspected fibromuscular dysplasia

Question 38

presents with pulmonary edema and abdominal bruits!

Answer 38

renal artery stenosis

Question 39

US revealing small hyperechoic kidneys

Answer 39

bilateral RAS

Question 40

US revealing large hyperechoic kidneys

Answer 40

ARPKD

Question 41

renal angiography is gold standard for diagnosis of what

Answer 41

RAS

Question 42

risk factors include african american race (5x more common)

Answer 42

nephrosclerosis

Question 43

caused by cholesterol crystals breaking free of vascular plaque and traveling and lodging in downstream microvessels

Answer 43

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 44

assocaited with heparin and thrombolytic use

Answer 44

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 45

associated with vascular surgery and trauma

Answer 45

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 46

risk factors include ischemic cardiac disease

Answer 46

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 47

associated with livedo reticularis and localized gangrene

Answer 47

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 48

symptoms include fever, abdominal pain and worsening HTN/renal function

Answer 48

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 49

labs show low complement, elevated ESR, and eosinophilia

Answer 49

cholesterol atheroembolic disease

Question 50

what would suggest RCC in PDPKD

Answer 50

recurrent hematuria

Question 51

complications include aneurysms and valve diseases

Answer 51

ADPKD

Question 52

what presents with fever, flank pain and increased WBC

Answer 52

infected cysts in ADPKD