Trunk & Spine

Question 1

Deep Neck Flexors

Answer 1

Flexion of head.

Question 2

Sternocleomastoid (O; I; A)

Answer 2

O: Manubrium of sternum.
I: Mastoid process.
A: Extension of head at atlantooccipital joint (atlas/occip bone); Flexion at cervical spine. Unilateral rotation and lateral flexion to the opposite side.

Question 3

Splenius Cervicis (O; I; A)

Answer 3

O: Spinous process of T3 to T6.
I: Transverse process of C1 to C3.
A: Extension of the neck. Unilateral rotation and lateral flexion to the same side.

Question 4

Splenius Capitis (O; I; A)

Answer 4

O: Spinous process of C7 to T3.
I: Mastoid process and occipital bone.
A: Extension of head and neck. Unilateral rotation and lateral flexion to same side.

Question 5

Muscles of the Thorax (O; I; A)

Answer 5

External and internal intercostals, sub costals, etc, involved in respiration.

Question 6

Iliocostalis (O; I; A)

Answer 6

O: Medial iliac crest, posterior ribs 3 to 12.
I: Posterior ribs 1 to 12, cervical 4 to 7.
A: Extension; Unilateral lateral flexion.

Question 7

Longissimus (O; I; A)

Answer 7

A: Extension, lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head.

Question 8

Spinalis: (O; I; A)

Answer 8

A: Extension (close to spine)

Question 9

Quadratus Lumborum (O; I; A)

Answer 9

A: Extension of lumbar spine, lateral flexion to ipsilateral side; stabilises pelvis and lumbar spine.

Question 10

Rectus Abdominis (O; I; A)

Answer 10

O: Crest of pubis.
I: Cartilage of 5, 6, 7th rib and xyphoid process.
A: Lumbar flexion, posterior pelvic rotation.

Question 11

External Oblique (O; I; A)

Answer 11

A: Lumbar flexion; Posterior pelvic rotation, lateral flexion and rotation (contralateral).
(Hands wrap around side and point down - top down direction. CONTRALAT.)

Question 12

Internal Oblique (O; I; A)

Answer 12

A: Lumbar flexion; Posterior pelvic rotation, lateral flexion and rotation (ipsilateral).
(Wraps around - IPSILAT.).

Question 13

Transverse Abdominis (O; I; A)

Answer 13

A: Forced expiration.