Tuberculosis

Question 1

Describe the global distribution of tuberculosis and its impact on tuberculosis in the UK.

Answer 1

The disease burden from TB is falling globally. 2/3 of all cases in specific 8 countries (India, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and SA.)
38% of UK TB cases are in London

Question 2

Describe the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in its primary, post- primary and fibrocaseous forms in the lung.

Answer 2

primary infection- mycobacteria spread via lymphatics to draining hilar lymphnodes.
primary infection can progress to tuberculous bronchopneumonia and continues to enlarge. this enlarged hilarity lymph compresses bronchi and can discharge to bronchus.

Question 3

Describe the common clinical presentations of tuberculosis.

Answer 3

Cough, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Question 4

Latent TB

Answer 4

asymptomatic with normal chest X-ray but a positive Mantoux test or IGRA test

Question 5

drugs for TB

Answer 5

6 month duration of treatment
Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months then rifampicin and isoniazid for 4 months

Question 6

Side effects of TB drugs

Answer 6

ethanbutanol- eyes
rixapid- orange urine

Question 7

Transmission of TB

Answer 7

airborne(pulmonary and laryngeal) someone with TB in lungs can cough and aerosol droplets can remain suspended in air for hours and among else can breath in.

Question 8

Miliary TB

Answer 8

looks like millet seeds on autopsy with hematogenous spread of bacteria to multiple organs. fine mottling on x-ray.

Question 9

what part of the lungs does TB affect

Answer 9

Apices