Tutorial Lab 2

Question 1

———— ————— is the gross or entire structure of the plant.

Answer 1

Plant morphology

Question 2

———— ———— is the arrangement of cells and tissues within the organism.

Answer 2

Plant anatomy

Question 3

Division of labour in plants is….

Answer 3

The process of dividing work into specific task to increase efficiency.

Question 4

————— are adapted to maximize the processes of light adsorption and photosynthesis.

Answer 4

Leaves

Question 5

————, to a certain extent, help photosynthesis by elevating the leaves high up into the air to catch more sunlight.

Answer 5

Stems

Question 6

———— anchor the plant and also absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Answer 6

Roots

Question 7

Cones or ———— are adapted to maximize reproduction.

Answer 7

Flowers

Question 8

All multicellular organisms are made of ———.

Answer 8

Cells

Question 9

A ———— is a group of similar cells performing a common activity.

Answer 9

Tissue

Question 10

———— is the study of cells and tissues.

Answer 10

Histology

Question 11

An ———— is a group of tissues collectively performing a specific function.

Answer 11

Organ

Question 12

An ———— ———— is a group of organs performing a major body function

Answer 12

Organ system

Question 13

————— are domes of rapidly dividing cells

Answer 13

Meristems

Question 14

There are typically two apical meristems, where are they found?

Answer 14

1.) on the tip of each above ground shoot (which produce cells of the stems and leaves)
2.) on the tip of each underground root which produce all the root tissues

Question 15

These tissues form the the protective outer covering of the plant body.

Answer 15

Epidermal tissues

Question 16

————— is the surface tissue of all leaves

Answer 16

Epidermis

Question 17

Epidermal cells on the above ground parts of the plant often secrete a waxy, water-resistant ————— onto their outer surfaces

Answer 17

Cuticle

Question 18

This tissue includes cells that function as tubes or ducts through which water and numerous substances in solution move from one part of the plant body to another.

Answer 18

Vascular tissues

Question 19

———— is a vascular tissue that functions in the transport of water and dissolved substances UPWARD in the plant body.

Answer 19

Xylem

Question 20

———— contains conducting cells as well as supportive fibres. Function is to conduct water and carbohydrates UPWARD and DOWNWARD in the plant

Answer 20

Phloem

Question 21

These tissues function in storage, support and photosynthesis.

Answer 21

Fundamental tissues

Question 22

————— cells are the most common type of plant cell. Quite large and have thin walls.

Answer 22

Parenchyma

Question 23

—————— cells are small and have tough thick cell walls. Used as structural support tissue in land plants. Mature ones CANNOT elongate and are found in regions that have STOPPED growing in length. At maturity they may be dead.

Answer 23

Sclrenchyma

Question 24

———— cells are specialized for structural support and are located as cylinders of tissue beneath the epidermis. They support elongating (still growing) parts of the plant. Walls do not contain any lignin.

Answer 24

Collenchyma

Question 25

The ————— are pore-like structures used for the exchange of gases for photosynthesis.

Answer 25

Stomata

Question 26

———— are root like structures that grow at the base a plants gametophyte and anchor the plant to the ground. (Occurs with plants like mosses, hornworts, and bryophytes)

Answer 26

Rhizoids

Question 27

The ———— of a plant is a layer of tissue in the roots and stems that located between the epidermis and the vascular tissue.

Answer 27

Cortex

Question 28

What is the central cylinder in plants?

Answer 28

Made up of vascular tissue, the central portion of the plant root and stem.

Question 29

True roots are what?

Answer 29

Allow for the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. (Allow access to water in deeper soil)

Question 30

————— are underground plant stems that store nutrients and help plants survive harsh conditions. Grow on the soil surface.

Answer 30

Rhizomes

Question 31

An ————— root is any root that arises from tissue on the plant other than the apical meristem. Ex. Monsteras have these

Answer 31

Adventitious

Question 32

A large compound lead that’s often divided into smaller segments called leaflets. Ex. Ferns

Answer 32

Frond

Question 33

A stalk-like structure that supports other parts of a plant.

Answer 33

Stipe

Question 34

—————— are young, coiled fronds and are considered a culinary delicacy.

Answer 34

Fiddleheads

Question 35

The ground tissue in the middle of a leaf that’s responsible for photosynthesis. Located between the two epidermal cell layers.

Answer 35

Mesophyll.

Question 36

————— contain the photosynthetic pigments and other components of the photosynthetic apparatus.

Answer 36

Chloroplasts

Question 37

These cells can close the stomata to help retain water, and open the stomata for CO2.

Answer 37

Guard cells

Question 38

Regions of the stem from which leaves, buds and branches arise

Answer 38

Nodes

Question 39

The regions of the stem located between the nodes

Answer 39

Internodes

Question 40

Located at the tips of the stem and branches. They enclose the growing region which continues to give rise to new tissue and organs

Answer 40

Terminal buds

Question 41

Located in the axis of the leaves, they may give rise to lateral branches.

Answer 41

Axillary or lateral buds

Question 42

What are blade and petioles?

Answer 42

Specific parts of a leaf that connect to a plants stem.

Question 43

What are primary roots?

Answer 43

The first root produced by the plant

Question 44

What are secondary roots?

Answer 44

Arise as root branches from the pericycle, deep within the primary root tissue.

Question 45

What are root tips?

Answer 45

The last few millimetres of the root. This is the site of production of new root length and the area where water and minerals are absorbed from the soil

Question 46

The ———— ——— protects the delicate apical meristem as te root is pushed downward through the soil.

Answer 46

Root cap

Question 47

Include a prominent main root directed vertically downward with numerous smaller lateral roots.

Answer 47

Taproots

Question 48

Many have long slender roots of about equal size with many secondary and tertiary roots off the main roots

Answer 48

Fibrous roots

Question 49

Arise from an organ in the plant other than the primary root or its branches. Ex monstera

Answer 49

Adventitious

Question 50

Long tubular extensions of a plants root epidermal cells that help the plant absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Answer 50

Root hairs

Question 51

Organelles which function in the storage of starch.

Answer 51

Leucoplasts

Question 52

The inner cell layer of the cortex is comprised of smaller cells called….

Answer 52

Endodermal cells

Question 53

The outer extremity of the central portion of the root is called the ——————.

Answer 53

Pericycle

Question 54

The central part of a plants root or stem that contains vascular tissue and other tissues.

Answer 54

Stele

Question 55

The soft spongy tissue found in the centre of the stems of some vascular plants. Made up of parenchyma cells and also known as medulla.

Answer 55

Pith

Question 56

Region of packed cells located beneath the epidermis. Primary photosynthetic area of the plant.

Answer 56

Palisade mesophyll

Question 57

The ————— ————— is composed of a loosely knit network of chlorenchyma cells with numerous intercellular spaces between the cells.

Answer 57

Spongy mesophyll

Question 58

A single layer of cells containing few or no chloroplasts.

Answer 58

Upper epidermis

Question 59

A single layer of cells on the underside of a plant leaf that helps regulate gas exchange and water flow.

Answer 59

Lower epidermis

Question 60

Specialized parenchyma cells found in plants. Contains chlorophyll and are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis.

Answer 60

Chlorenchyma cells

Question 61

———— plants are plants that have adapted to survive in dry conditions.

Answer 61

Xeric

Question 62

Plants that grow in water or in soil that is saturated with water

Answer 62

Hydrophytic plants

Question 63

————— plants store water in fleshy leaves, stems or roots in compounds.

Answer 63

Succulent