Tutoring for Exam 2 Flashcards
the two classifications of local anesthetics
amides
esters
spelling difference in amides and esthers?
Amides have an “I” before the caine, esters don’t
which category of local anesthetic is more likely to cause allergic reactions?
Esters
why are local anesthetics given with a vasoconstrictor?
it prolongs the effects and reduces toxicity
which vasoconstrictor is usually used with local anesthetics?
epinephrine
is cocaine a ester or amide?
an esther
Steps of the Analgesic Ladder
- Step 1 non-opioid
- Step 2 opioid for mild to moderate pain
- Step 3 opioid for moderate to severe to pain
the only anesthetic drug without the side effects
Nitrous oxide
Barbituates all have “what” in the name?
Barb
Benzo’s end in…?
pam or lam
what is ketamine typically given for?
long term procedures
What will nurses try to keep the pain level under
below a 3
what is cross tolerance
when you have a tolerance to one drug you will probably have tolerance to another
what is stronger than morphine?
fentanyl
adverse effects of opioids?
constipation
respiratory sedation
what does miosis mean?
pinpoint pupils
what is a major adverse effect of symatryptam?
chest compression
how can ergotamine be administered?
po, sl, rectal, inhaled
which parkinson’s drug is associated with gambling?
pramipexole
elevated homocysteine levels are seen in what disease?
Alzheimers
Risk factors of Alzheimers
family history increasing age females head trauma sedentary lifestyle
memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors are use for what?
alzheimers
treatment for malignant hypothermia
dantrolene
what is dantrolene an antidote for?
anesthetics
